deriv SD cv (167) ashtadhyayi.com hei.de L 167 ETT STT a 7.1.54 ALPH OLDHOMEPAGE NEWHOMEPAGE

hrasva;nady;Apo nuT

ह्रस्वॱनद्यापो नुट् ONPANINI 71054

Replace /Am with /nAm after short, /nadI, /Ap.

Examples with short vowel bases —

**azva- अश्वॱ + /Am
→ **azva- अश्वॱ + /nAm by this rule
→ azvA- अश्वाॱ + /nAm by nAmi
→ !**azvAnAm अश्वानाम् "of horses"

**brAhmaNa- ब्राह्मणॱ + /nAm
→ !**brAhmaNAnAm ब्राह्मणानाम् "of brahmins", same steps

**sAdhu- साधुॱ m + /Am → !**sAdhUnAm साधूनाम्, same steps

**madhu- मधुॱ n + /Am → !**madhUnAm मधूनाम्

**mati- मतिॱ f + /Am → !**matInAm मतीनाम् f

Of course /Natvam will apply —

**pitR- पितृॱ m + /Am
→ **pitR- पितृॱ + /nAm by this rule
→ pitRR- पितॄॱ + /nAm by nAmi
→ pitRR- पितॄॱ + NAm णाम् with /Natvam
→ !**pitRRNAm पितॄणाम् m "of fathers"

**mAtR- मातृॱ f + /Am → mAtRRNAm मातॄणाम् "of mothers"

**RSi- ऋषिॱ m + /Am → RSi- ऋषिॱ + /nAm → RSI- ऋषीॱ + /nAm → !**RSINAm ऋषीणाम् "of seers"

**guru- गुरुॱ mfn + /Am → !**gurUNAm गुरूणाम् "of elders", "of heavy things"

Examples with /nadI (most I U ई ऊ-enders are /nadI) —

**nadI- नदीॱ → **nadInAm नदीनाम् "of rivers"

**vadhU- वधूॱ → **vadhUnAm वधूनाम् "of wives"

**rAjJI- राज्ञीॱ → !**rAjJInAm राज्ञीनाम् "of queens"

/strI- → **strINAm स्त्रीणाम् "of women", with /Natvam

Examples with /Ap —

**azvA- अश्वाॱ → azvAnAm अश्वानाम् "of mares" by this rule

**brAhmaNI- ब्राह्मणीॱ → brAhmaNInAm ब्राह्मणीनाम्

Now some counterexamples —

(A) Consonant bases do not get /nAm —

**vidyut- विद्युत् + /Am → !**vidyutAm विद्युताम्

Monosyllables ending in I ई U ऊ are not /nadI (except /strI- above, that is), so they do not get /nAm —

dhI- धीॱ "smartness" + /Am → dhiyAm धियाम्, with iy इय् by aciznudhAt...

bhU- भूॱ "earth" + /Am → bhuvAm भुवाम्

(B) Masculines and neuters ending in a long do not get /nAm. These are uncommon.

(C) /anekAc non-/nadI feminines ending in long vowels do not get /nAm. These are uncommon too.

See /vizvapA-, /grAmaNI-, /khalapU-, and sUtra zRRdRRpr....

(D) /ec-enders do not get /nAm —

/go- + /Am
→ gav- गव् + /Am → **gavAm गवाम्

**nAvAm नावाम्

**rAyAm रायाम्.