deriv SD cv (566) ashtadhyayi.com hei.de L 566 ETT STT a 7.4.93 ALPH OLDHOMEPAGE NEWHOMEPAGE

sanval laghuni caG-pare 'n-ag-lope

सन्वल्लघुनि चङ्परे ऽनग्लोपे ONPANINI 74093

Before /caG, the /abhyAsa of a /Ni root behaves as if before /san, but only if the root vowel is light and the root did not lose an /ak when /Ni was added.

Example.

The root kAmi कामि "be in love" is formed from kami कमि + /NiG by kamerNiG.

In the /luG, it gets /caG, like this —

kAmi कामि + /luG
→ kAmi कामि + /caG +/luG by Nizridrusrubhy...
→ kami कमि + /caG +/luG shortening A आ by NaucaGyupadh...
→ kam कम् + /caG + /luG losing the /NiG by NeraniTi
→ kakama ककम + /luG by ekAcodvepr...
→ cakama चकम + /luG by kuhozcuH
→ cikama चिकम + /luG by this rule — behaving like /san triggers <14 sanyataH
→ cIkama चीकम + /luG by dIrgholaghoH >
→ !**acIkama- अचीकमॱ + /luG by luGlaGlRGkSvaD...

So we say

**acIkama- अचीकमॱ + /luG /tip
→ acIkama- अचीकमॱ + t त् by itazca
→ !**acIkamat अचीकमत् "fell in love"

**acIkarat अचीकरत् "made him / her do"

With a bent ending —

**acIkama- अचीकमॱ + /luG /ta
→ !**acIkamata अचीकमत

Why do we say "only if the vowel after the /abhyAsa is light"?

In rakSayati रक्षयति "protects" and jAgarayati जागरयति "awakens" the first vowel is heavy, so there is no sanvattvam सन्वत्त्वम्, and the root reduplicates normally, with a light vowel —

!**ararakSat अररक्षत्

!**ajajAgarat अजजागरत्

Why do we say "unless an /ak has been erased"?

The root katha कथ takes /Nic because it is a /curAdi, then rule atolopaH zaps the final a अ. In this case this sUtra does not apply and there is no sanvattvam सन्वत्त्वम्, so <14 sanyataH is not triggered, and neither is dIrgholaghoH > —

katha कथ + /luG /tip → acakathat अचकथत्

kama कम + /luG /ta → !**acakamata अचकमत

Wait, didn't we just zap the i इ of kami कमि before adding /Ni to it above to make kAmi कामि?

That i इ is just a label, it doesn't count.