bhag18 webgloss

note: sacred-texts

06040001

arjuna uvAca

arjunaH = pn (of a kind of tree, of a pANDava prince)

arjuna uvAca = said

"Arjuna said,

saMnyAsasya mahAbAho tattvam icchAmi veditum

saMnyAsasya mahAbAho@ tattvam icchAmi veditum

saMnyAsasya = renunciation

saMnyAsasya mahAbAho = hey strong dude

saMnyAsasya mahAbAho@ tattvam = truth, reality

saMnyAsasya mahAbAho@ tattvam icchAmi = i want

saMnyAsasya mahAbAho@ tattvam icchAmi veditum = to know

'Of renunciation, O thou of mighty arms, I desire to know the true nature,

tyAgasya ca hRSIkeza pRthak keziniSUdana

tyAgasya = throwing away, discarding

tyAgasya ca = and

tyAgasya ca hRSIkeza = pn (of kRSNa)

tyAgasya ca hRSIkeza pRthak = separately (each one its own way)

tyAgasya ca hRSIkeza pRthak keziniSUdana = pn (of kRSNa)

and also of abandonment, O lord of the senses distinctly, O slayer of Kesi.'

06040002

zrIbhagavAn uvAca

zrIbhagavAn = blessed lord

zrIbhagavAn uvAca = said

"The Holy One said,

kAmyAnAM karmaNAM nyAsaM saMnyAsaM kavayo viduH

kAmyAnAm = done from desire of benefit or from interested motives

kAmyAnAM karmaNAm = work

kAmyAnAM karmaNAM nyAsam = (@m) laying aside, resigning

kAmyAnAM karmaNAM nyAsaM saMnyAsam = renunciation

kAmyAnAM karmaNAM nyAsaM saMnyAsaM kavayaH = poets, bards, sages

kAmyAnAM karmaNAM nyAsaM saMnyAsaM kavayo viduH = they know

'The rejection of the works with desire is known by the learned as renunciation.

sarvakarmaphalatyAgaM prAhus tyAgaM vicakSaNAH

sarva-karma-phala-tyAgaM prAhus tyAgaM vicakSaNAH

sarva- = all (when @pl); each, every, the whole of, all of it (when @sg)

sarva-karma- = work

sarva-karma-phala- = fruit, result

sarva-karma-phala-tyAgam = throwing away, discarding

sarva-karma-phala-tyAgaM prAhuH = they say

sarva-karma-phala-tyAgaM prAhus tyAgam = throwing away, discarding

sarva-karma-phala-tyAgaM prAhus tyAgaM vicakSaNAH = clear-sighted

The abandonment of the fruit of all work, the discerning call abandonment.

06040003

tyAjyaM doSavad ity eke karma prAhur manISiNaH

tyAjyam = should be discarded

tyAjyaM doSavat = mistaken, wrong, bad

tyAjyaM doSavad iti = (close quote); saying, thinking

tyAjyaM doSavad ity eke = some

tyAjyaM doSavad ity eke karma = work

tyAjyaM doSavad ity eke karma prAhuH = they say

tyAjyaM doSavad ity eke karma prAhur manISiNaH = sages

Some wise men say that work (itself) should be abandoned as evil;

yajJadAnatapaHkarma na tyAjyam iti cApare

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na tyAjyam iti c' .Apare

yajJa- = rite (sacrifice)

yajJa-dAna- = giving, charity, gift

yajJa-dAna-tapaH- = penance, asceticism, austerity

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma = work

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na = no, not, doesn't

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na tyAjyam = should be discarded

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na tyAjyam iti = (close quote); saying, thinking

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na tyAjyam iti ca = and

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na tyAjyam iti c' apare = another one; western; posterior

others (say) that the works of sacrifice, gifts, and penance, should not be abandoned.

06040004

nizcayaM zRNu me tatra tyAge bharatasattama

nizcayaM zRNu me tatra tyAge bharata-sattama

nizcayam = for sure

nizcayaM zRNu = listen!

nizcayaM zRNu me = my, (is) mine, I have (Gas); to me, for me (Ge); by me (TA)

nizcayaM zRNu me tatra = there, in that, on it, about that subject

nizcayaM zRNu me tatra tyAge = throwing away, discarding

nizcayaM zRNu me tatra tyAge bharata- = pn

nizcayaM zRNu me tatra tyAge bharata-sattama = best (of, @latter)

As to that abandonment, listen to my decision, O best of the sons of Bharata,

tyAgo hi puruSavyAghra trividhaH saMprakIrtitaH

tyAgo hi puruSa-vyAghra tri-vidhaH saMprakIrtitaH

tyAgaH = throwing away, discarding

tyAgo hi = because; (@ignore)

tyAgo hi puruSa- = man

tyAgo hi puruSa-vyAghra = tiger

tyAgo hi puruSa-vyAghra tri- = three

tyAgo hi puruSa-vyAghra tri-vidhaH = of (several) kinds

tyAgo hi puruSa-vyAghra tri-vidhaH saMprakIrtitaH = called, mentioned, it is said to be

for abandonment, O tiger among men, hath been declared to be of three kinds.

06040005

yajJadAnatapaHkarma na tyAjyaM kAryam eva tat

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na tyAjyaM kAryam eva tat

yajJa- = rite (sacrifice)

yajJa-dAna- = giving, charity, gift

yajJa-dAna-tapaH- = penance, asceticism, austerity

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma = work

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na = no, not, doesn't

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na tyAjyam = should be discarded

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na tyAjyaM kAryam = task; (that) should be done

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na tyAjyaM kAryam eva = only; indeed; (@ignore)

yajJa-dAna-tapaH-karma na tyAjyaM kAryam eva tat = that, he, them, she, it; and then, so, therefore

The works of sacrifice, gifts, and penance should not be abandoned. They should, indeed, be done.

yajJo dAnaM tapaz caiva pAvanAni manISiNAm

yajJaH = rite (sacrifice)

yajJo dAnam = giving, charity, gift

yajJo dAnaM tapaH = penance, asceticism, austerity

yajJo dAnaM tapaz caiva = and (ca + eva)

yajJo dAnaM tapaz caiva pAvanAni = purifiers, cleaners

yajJo dAnaM tapaz caiva pAvanAni manISiNAm = of sages

Sacrifice, gift, and penance, are the purifications of the wise.

06040006

etAny api tu karmANi saGgaM tyaktvA phalAni ca

etAni = these

etAny api = even, too (enclitic); maybe? (starts yes/no questions); any-, some- (turns who into someone etc.)

etAny api tu = but, (ignore), and

etAny api tu karmANi = works

etAny api tu karmANi saGgam = attachment, going together

etAny api tu karmANi saGgaM tyaktvA = throw away and

etAny api tu karmANi saGgaM tyaktvA phalAni = fruit, result

etAny api tu karmANi saGgaM tyaktvA phalAni ca = and

But even those works should be done, abandoning attachment and fruit.

kartavyAnIti me pArtha nizcitaM matam uttamam

kartavyAn' .Iti me pArtha nizcitaM matam uttamam

kartavyAni = they must be done

kartavyAn' iti = (close quote); saying, thinking

kartavyAn' .Iti me = my, (is) mine, I have (Gas); to me, for me (Ge); by me (TA)

kartavyAn' .Iti me pArtha = pn (of the three sons of kuntI)

kartavyAn' .Iti me pArtha nizcitam = for sure; resolutely

kartavyAn' .Iti me pArtha nizcitaM matam = thought (my thought means what I think)

kartavyAn' .Iti me pArtha nizcitaM matam uttamam = best

This, O son of pRthA, is my excellent and decided opinion.

06040007

niyatasya tu saMnyAsaH karmaNo nopapadyate

niyatasya tu saMnyAsaH karmaNo n' .opapadyate

niyatasya = prescribed, compulsory

niyatasya tu = but, (ignore), and

niyatasya tu saMnyAsaH = renunciation

niyatasya tu saMnyAsaH karmaNaH = work

niyatasya tu saMnyAsaH karmaNo na = no, not, doesn't

niyatasya tu saMnyAsaH karmaNo n' upapadyate = befits

The renunciation of an act prescribed (in the scriptures) is not proper.

mohAt tasya parityAgas tAmasaH parikIrtitaH

mohAt = foolishness, bewilderment, perplexity, confusion, distraction

mohAt tasya = his, its

mohAt tasya parityAgaH = throwing away, discarding

mohAt tasya parityAgas tAmasaH = tamasic (related to tamas)

mohAt tasya parityAgas tAmasaH parikIrtitaH = called, mentioned, it is said to be

Its abandonment (is) from delusion, (and) is (therefore,) declared to be of the quality of darkness.

06040008

duHkham ity eva yat karma kAyaklezabhayAt tyajet

duHkham ity eva yat karma kAya-kleza-bhayAt tyajet

duHkham = pain, suffering

duHkham iti = (close quote); saying, thinking

duHkham ity eva = only; indeed; (@ignore)

duHkham ity eva yat = the one which; because, as

duHkham ity eva yat karma = work

duHkham ity eva yat karma kAya- = body

duHkham ity eva yat karma kAya-kleza- = pain, suffering

duHkham ity eva yat karma kAya-kleza-bhayAt = because of fear

duHkham ity eva yat karma kAya-kleza-bhayAt tyajet = would throw away

(Regarding it) as (a source of) sorrow, when work is abandoned from (fear of) bodily pain,

sa kRtvA rAjasaM tyAgaM naiva tyAgaphalaM labhet

sa kRtvA rAjasaM tyAgaM naiva tyAga-phalaM labhet

sa = that one, he, it (only used before consonant); with (when @former)

sa kRtvA = did and

sa kRtvA rAjasam = Rajasic

sa kRtvA rAjasaM tyAgam = throwing away, discarding

sa kRtvA rAjasaM tyAgaM naiva = not (na + eva)

sa kRtvA rAjasaM tyAgaM naiva tyAga- = throwing away, discarding

sa kRtvA rAjasaM tyAgaM naiva tyAga-phalam = fruit, result

sa kRtvA rAjasaM tyAgaM naiva tyAga-phalaM labhet = would get (bad grammar for labheta)

one making such an abandonment which is of the quality of passion never obtaineth the fruit of abandonment.

06040009

kAryam ity eva yat karma niyataM kriyate 'rjuna

kAryam = task; (that) should be done

kAryam iti = (close quote); saying, thinking

kAryam ity eva = only; indeed; (@ignore)

kAryam ity eva yat = the one which; because, as

kAryam ity eva yat karma = work

kAryam ity eva yat karma niyatam = steady, invariable, firm, observant, prescribed, regular, customary

kAryam ity eva yat karma niyataM kriyate = is done

kAryam ity eva yat karma niyataM kriyate arjuna = pn (of a kind of tree, of a pANDava prince)

(Regarding it) as one that should be done, when 2 work that is prescribed (in the scriptures) is done, O Arjuna,

saGgaM tyaktvA phalaM caiva sa tyAgaH sAttviko mataH

saGgam = attachment, going together

saGgaM tyaktvA = throw away and

saGgaM tyaktvA phalam = fruit, result

saGgaM tyaktvA phalaM caiva = and (ca + eva)

saGgaM tyaktvA phalaM caiva sa = that one, he, it (only used before consonant); with (when @former)

saGgaM tyaktvA phalaM caiva sa tyAgaH = throwing away, discarding

saGgaM tyaktvA phalaM caiva sa tyAgaH sAttvikaH = sattwic

saGgaM tyaktvA phalaM caiva sa tyAgaH sAttviko mataH = thought, considered

abandoning attachment and fruit also, that abandonment is deemed to be of the quality of goodness.

06040010

na dveSTy akuzalaM karma kuzale nAnuSajjate

na dveSTy akuzalaM karma kuzale n' .AnuSajjate

na = no, not, doesn't

na dveSTi = hates

na dveSTy akuzalam = unpleasant

na dveSTy akuzalaM karma = work

na dveSTy akuzalaM karma kuzale = pleasant

na dveSTy akuzalaM karma kuzale na = no, not, doesn't

na dveSTy akuzalaM karma kuzale n' anuSajjate = clings to, is attached to

He hath no aversion for an unpleasant action and no attachment to pleasant (ones),

tyAgI sattvasamAviSTo medhAvI chinnasaMzayaH

tyAgI sattva-samAviSTo medhAvI chinna-saMzayaH

tyAgI = thrower away, discarder, abandoner

tyAgI sattva- = creature; pn (one of the three guNas) ; vital energy, might; mental strength, the Force

tyAgI sattva-samAviSTaH = was entered, occupied, possessed

tyAgI sattva-samAviSTo medhAvI = intelligent, wise, smart

tyAgI sattva-samAviSTo medhAvI chinna- = cut off

tyAgI sattva-samAviSTo medhAvI chinna-saMzayaH = doubt

an abandoner possessed of intelligence and with doubts dispelled, that is endowed with the quality of goodness .

06040011

na hi dehabhRtA zakyaM tyaktuM karmANy azeSataH

na hi deha-bhRtA zakyaM tyaktuM karmANy azeSataH

na = no, not, doesn't

na hi = because; (@ignore)

na hi deha- = body

na hi deha-bhRtA = carrier (with TA)

na hi deha-bhRtA zakyam = can be done

na hi deha-bhRtA zakyaM tyaktum = to abandon

na hi deha-bhRtA zakyaM tyaktuM karmANi = works

na hi deha-bhRtA zakyaM tyaktuM karmANy azeSataH = completely (a-zeSa-tas : with nothing left)

Since actions cannot be absolutely abandoned by an embodied person,

yas tu karmaphalatyAgI sa tyAgIty abhidhIyate

yas tu karma-phala-tyAgI sa tyAgI 'ty abhidhIyate

yaH = the one that

yas tu = but, (ignore), and

yas tu karma- = work

yas tu karma-phala- = fruit, result

yas tu karma-phala-tyAgI = thrower away, discarder, abandoner

yas tu karma-phala-tyAgI sa = that one, he, it (only used before consonant); with (when @former)

yas tu karma-phala-tyAgI sa tyAgI = thrower away, discarder, abandoner

yas tu karma-phala-tyAgI sa tyAgI iti = (close quote); saying, thinking

yas tu karma-phala-tyAgI sa tyAgI 'ty abhidhIyate = is called

(therefore) he who abandons the fruit of actions is truly said to be an abandoner.

06040012

aniSTam iSTaM mizraM ca trividhaM karmaNaH phalam

an-iSTam iSTaM mizraM ca tri-vidhaM karmaNaH phalam

an- = non-, a-, an-

an-iSTam = desired; sacrificed

an-iSTam iSTam = desired; sacrificed

an-iSTam iSTaM mizram = mixed

an-iSTam iSTaM mizraM ca = and

an-iSTam iSTaM mizraM ca tri- = three

an-iSTam iSTaM mizraM ca tri-vidham = kind, sort, class, type

an-iSTam iSTaM mizraM ca tri-vidhaM karmaNaH = work

an-iSTam iSTaM mizraM ca tri-vidhaM karmaNaH phalam = fruit, result

Evil, good and mixed-action hath (this) three-fold fruit

bhavaty atyAginAM pretya na tu saMnyAsinAM kva cit

bhavaty a-tyAginAM pretya na tu saMnyAsinAM kva cit

bhavati = is, becomes, there is

bhavaty a- = non-, a-, an-

bhavaty a-tyAginAm = renouncers

bhavaty a-tyAginAM pretya = after going forth (may mean after dying)

bhavaty a-tyAginAM pretya na = no, not, doesn't

bhavaty a-tyAginAM pretya na tu = but, (ignore), and

bhavaty a-tyAginAM pretya na tu saMnyAsinAm = renouncers

bhavaty a-tyAginAM pretya na tu saMnyAsinAM kva = where?

bhavaty a-tyAginAM pretya na tu saMnyAsinAM kva cit = any-, some- (turns who into someone etc.)

hereafter for those that do not abandon. But there is none whatever for the renouncer.

06040013

paJcaitAni mahAbAho kAraNAni nibodha me

paJc' .aitAni mahAbAho@ kAraNAni nibodha me

paJca = five

paJc' etAni = these

paJc' .aitAni mahAbAho = hey strong dude

paJc' .aitAni mahAbAho@ kAraNAni = reason, motive, cause

paJc' .aitAni mahAbAho@ kAraNAni nibodha = know!, realize!

paJc' .aitAni mahAbAho@ kAraNAni nibodha me = my, (is) mine, I have (Gas); to me, for me (Ge); by me (TA)

Listen from me, O thou of mighty arms, to those five causes

sAMkhye kRtAnte proktAni siddhaye sarvakarmaNAm

sAMkhye kRt'-.Ante proktAni siddhaye sarva-karmaNAm

sAMkhye = philosophy (sort of like "science"); counting

sAMkhye kRta- = done, made

sAMkhye kRt'-ante = at the end

sAMkhye kRt'-.Ante proktAni = are said, are said to be

sAMkhye kRt'-.Ante proktAni siddhaye = success, perfection, enlightenment; accomplishment, power (esp. superpower)

sAMkhye kRt'-.Ante proktAni siddhaye sarva- = all (when @pl); each, every, the whole of, all of it (when @sg)

sAMkhye kRt'-.Ante proktAni siddhaye sarva-karmaNAm = work

for the completion of all actions, declared in the Sankhya treating of the annihilation of actions.

06040014

adhiSThAnaM tathA kartA karaNaM ca pRthagvidham

adhiSThAnaM tathA kartA karaNaM ca pRthag-vidham

adhiSThAnam = foundation, position, basis

adhiSThAnaM tathA = in that way; and then; okay, yes, gotcha, roger

adhiSThAnaM tathA kartA = maker, doer

adhiSThAnaM tathA kartA karaNam = means; an organ

adhiSThAnaM tathA kartA karaNaM ca = and

adhiSThAnaM tathA kartA karaNaM ca pRthak- = separately (each one its own way)

adhiSThAnaM tathA kartA karaNaM ca pRthag-vidham = kind, sort, class, type

(They are) substratum, agent, the diverse kinds of organs,

vividhAz ca pRthakceSTA daivaM caivAtra paJcamam

vividhAz ca pRthak-ceSTA$ daivaM caiv' .Atra paJcamam

vividhAH = diverse, of several kinds

vividhAz ca = and

vividhAz ca pRthak- = separately (each one its own way)

vividhAz ca pRthak-ceSTAH = behaviors

vividhAz ca pRthak-ceSTA$ daivam = destiny; related to the gods

vividhAz ca pRthak-ceSTA$ daivaM caiva = and (ca + eva)

vividhAz ca pRthak-ceSTA$ daivaM caiv' atra = here, in this

vividhAz ca pRthak-ceSTA$ daivaM caiv' .Atra paJcamam = fifth

the diverse efforts severally, and with them the deities as the fifth.

06040015

zarIravAGmanobhir yat karma prArabhate naraH

zarIra-vAG@-manobhir yat karma prArabhate naraH

zarIra- = body

zarIra-vAk- = speech, words

zarIra-vAG@-manobhiH = mind

zarIra-vAG@-manobhir yat = the one which; because, as

zarIra-vAG@-manobhir yat karma = work

zarIra-vAG@-manobhir yat karma prArabhate = undertakes

zarIra-vAG@-manobhir yat karma prArabhate naraH = man; anyone

Whatever work a man undertakes with body, speech, or mind,

nyAyyaM vA viparItaM vA paJcaite tasya hetavaH

nyAyyaM vA viparItaM vA paJc' .aite tasya hetavaH

nyAyyam = strategy

nyAyyaM vA = or; maybe

nyAyyaM vA viparItam = opposite, contrary, adverse

nyAyyaM vA viparItaM vA = or; maybe

nyAyyaM vA viparItaM vA paJca = five

nyAyyaM vA viparItaM vA paJc' ete = these

nyAyyaM vA viparItaM vA paJc' .aite tasya = his, its

nyAyyaM vA viparItaM vA paJc' .aite tasya hetavaH = cause, reason, logic, way it works

just or the reverse, these five are its causes.

06040016

tatraivaM sati kartAram AtmAnaM kevalaM tu yaH

tatr' .aivaM sati kartAram AtmAnaM kevalaM tu yaH

tatra = there, in that, on it, about that subject

tatr' evam = thus, this way

tatr' .aivaM sati = while he was (as + zatR + Gi)

tatr' .aivaM sati kartAram = doer, maker

tatr' .aivaM sati kartAram AtmAnam = oneself; soul

tatr' .aivaM sati kartAram AtmAnaM kevalam = only; particular, peculiar

tatr' .aivaM sati kartAram AtmAnaM kevalaM tu = but, (ignore), and

tatr' .aivaM sati kartAram AtmAnaM kevalaM tu yaH = the one that

That being so, he that, owing to an unrefined understanding,

pazyaty akRtabuddhitvAn na sa pazyati durmatiH

pazyaty akRta-buddhi-tvAn@ na sa pazyati durmatiH

pazyati = sees

pazyaty akRta- = inmature, unformed

pazyaty akRta-buddhi- = intelligence, common sense, wisdom, understanding, power of reasoning

pazyaty akRta-buddhi-tvAt = -ness, -ship, -hood (affix)

pazyaty akRta-buddhi-tvAn@ na = no, not, doesn't

pazyaty akRta-buddhi-tvAn@ na sa = that one, he, it (only used before consonant); with (when @former)

pazyaty akRta-buddhi-tvAn@ na sa pazyati = sees

pazyaty akRta-buddhi-tvAn@ na sa pazyati durmatiH = evil-minded; idiot

beholdeth his own self as solely the agent, he, dull in mind, beholdeth not.

06040017

yasya nAhaMkRto bhAvo buddhir yasya na lipyate

yasya n' .AhaMkRto bhAvo buddhir yasya na lipyate

yasya = he whose, the one whose, he who has, and he has

yasya na = no, not, doesn't

yasya n' ahaMkRtaH = sense of "I am"

yasya n' .AhaMkRto bhAvaH = being, true nature, state, condition

yasya n' .AhaMkRto bhAvo buddhiH = intelligence, common sense, wisdom, understanding, power of reasoning

yasya n' .AhaMkRto bhAvo buddhir yasya = he whose, the one whose, he who has, and he has

yasya n' .AhaMkRto bhAvo buddhir yasya na = no, not, doesn't

yasya n' .AhaMkRto bhAvo buddhir yasya na lipyate = is smeared, sticks to

He that hath no feeling of egoism, whose mind is not sullied,

hatvApi sa imAl~ lokAn na hanti na nibadhyate

hatvA 'pi sa imA&l lokAn na hanti na nibadhyate

hatvA = killed and, hit and

hatvA api = even, too (enclitic); maybe? (starts yes/no questions); any-, some- (turns who into someone etc.)

hatvA 'pi saH = he, that one, it (never used before consonant)

hatvA 'pi sa imAn = these (m.)

hatvA 'pi sa imA&l lokAn = worlds; everybody

hatvA 'pi sa imA&l lokAn na = no, not, doesn't

hatvA 'pi sa imA&l lokAn na hanti = kills

hatvA 'pi sa imA&l lokAn na hanti na = no, not, doesn't

hatvA 'pi sa imA&l lokAn na hanti na nibadhyate = is tied down

he, even killing all these people, killeth not, nor is fettered (by action).

06040018

jJAnaM jJeyaM parijJAtA trividhA karmacodanA

jJAnaM jJeyaM parijJAtA tri-vidhA karma-codanA

jJAnam = knowledge

jJAnaM jJeyam = has to be known

jJAnaM jJeyaM parijJAtA = one who knows or perceives, an observer, knower (tRc)

jJAnaM jJeyaM parijJAtA tri- = three

jJAnaM jJeyaM parijJAtA tri-vidhA = kinds, sorts

jJAnaM jJeyaM parijJAtA tri-vidhA karma- = work

jJAnaM jJeyaM parijJAtA tri-vidhA karma-codanA = inciter, stimulator, promoter

Knowledge, the object of knowledge, and the knower, form the three-fold impulse of action.

karaNaM karma karteti trividhaH karmasaMgrahaH

karaNaM karma kart'' .eti tri-vidhaH karma-saMgrahaH

karaNam = means; an organ

karaNaM karma = work

karaNaM karma kartA = maker, doer

karaNaM karma kart'' iti = (close quote); saying, thinking

karaNaM karma kart'' .eti tri- = three

karaNaM karma kart'' .eti tri-vidhaH = of (several) kinds

karaNaM karma kart'' .eti tri-vidhaH karma- = work

Instrument, action, and the agent, form the three-fold complement of action.

06040019

jJAnaM karma ca kartA ca tridhaiva guNabhedataH

jJAnaM karma ca kartA ca tridhaiva guNa-bheda-taH

jJAnam = knowledge

jJAnaM karma = work

jJAnaM karma ca = and

jJAnaM karma ca kartA = maker, doer

jJAnaM karma ca kartA ca = and

jJAnaM karma ca kartA ca tridhaiva = are of three kinds

jJAnaM karma ca kartA ca tridhaiva guNa- = quality, virtue

jJAnaM karma ca kartA ca tridhaiva guNa-bheda- = division, splitting, difference, partition, dissension, a kind of

jJAnaM karma ca kartA ca tridhaiva guNa-bheda-taH = from (affix tasil, same as @fifth)

2 Knowledge, action, and agent, are declared in the enumeration of qualities to be three-fold,

procyate guNasaMkhyAne yathAvac chRNu tAny api

procyate guNa-saMkhyAne yathAvac chRNu tAny api

procyate = is said to be

procyate guNa- = quality, virtue

procyate guNa-saMkhyAne = in counting

procyate guNa-saMkhyAne yathAvat = properly

procyate guNa-saMkhyAne yathAvac zRNu = listen!

procyate guNa-saMkhyAne yathAvac chRNu tAni = they (@neuter)

procyate guNa-saMkhyAne yathAvac chRNu tAny api = even, too (enclitic); maybe? (starts yes/no questions); any-, some- (turns who into someone etc.)

according to the difference of qualities. Listen to those also duly.

06040020

sarvabhUteSu yenaikaM bhAvam avyayam IkSate

sarva-bhUteSu yen' .aikaM bhAvam avyayam IkSate

sarva- = all (when @pl); each, every, the whole of, all of it (when @sg)

sarva-bhUteSu = creatures

sarva-bhUteSu yena = the one by which; by which reason; and that's why

sarva-bhUteSu yen' ekam = one; alone

sarva-bhUteSu yen' .aikaM bhAvam = being, true nature, state, condition

sarva-bhUteSu yen' .aikaM bhAvam avyayam = unchanging

sarva-bhUteSu yen' .aikaM bhAvam avyayam IkSate = sees

3 That by which One Eternal Essence is viewed in all things,

avibhaktaM vibhakteSu taj jJAnaM viddhi sAttvikam

a-vibhaktaM vibhakteSu taj jJAnaM viddhi sAttvikam

a- = non-, a-, an-

a-vibhaktam = separated

a-vibhaktaM vibhakteSu = separated

a-vibhaktaM vibhakteSu tat = that, he, them, she, it; and then, so, therefore

a-vibhaktaM vibhakteSu taj jJAnam = knowledge

a-vibhaktaM vibhakteSu taj jJAnaM viddhi = you should know (I tell you)

a-vibhaktaM vibhakteSu taj jJAnaM viddhi sAttvikam = sattvic

undivided in the divided, know that to be knowledge having the quality of goodness.

06040021

pRthaktvena tu yaj jJAnaM nAnAbhAvAn pRthagvidhAn

pRthak-tvena tu yaj jJAnaM nAnA-bhAvAn pRthag-vidhAn

pRthak- = separately (each one its own way)

pRthak-tvena = hood (affix tva)

pRthak-tvena tu = but, (ignore), and

pRthak-tvena tu yat = the one which; because, as

pRthak-tvena tu yaj jJAnam = knowledge

pRthak-tvena tu yaj jJAnaM nAnA- = of many kinds, various kinds of, all sorts of (@former)

pRthak-tvena tu yaj jJAnaM nAnA-bhAvAn = states, natures, conditions, characters

pRthak-tvena tu yaj jJAnaM nAnA-bhAvAn pRthak- = separately (each one its own way)

pRthak-tvena tu yaj jJAnaM nAnA-bhAvAn pRthag-vidhAn = kinds, sorts

That knowledge which discerneth all things as diverse essences of different kinds in consequence of their separateness,

vetti sarveSu bhUteSu taj jJAnaM viddhi rAjasam

vetti = knows

vetti sarveSu = in all

vetti sarveSu bhUteSu = creatures

vetti sarveSu bhUteSu tat = that, he, them, she, it; and then, so, therefore

vetti sarveSu bhUteSu taj jJAnam = knowledge

vetti sarveSu bhUteSu taj jJAnaM viddhi = you should know (I tell you)

vetti sarveSu bhUteSu taj jJAnaM viddhi rAjasam = Rajasic

know that that knowledge hath the quality of passion.

06040022

yat tu kRtsnavad ekasmin kArye saktam ahaitukam

yat tu kRtsna-vad ekasmin kArye saktam ahaitukam

yat = the one which; because, as

yat tu = but, (ignore), and

yat tu kRtsna- = whole, entire

yat tu kRtsna-vat = like, -ly (affix)

yat tu kRtsna-vad ekasmin = one

yat tu kRtsna-vad ekasmin kArye = task, work; (what) should be done

yat tu kRtsna-vad ekasmin kArye saktam = attached

yat tu kRtsna-vad ekasmin kArye saktam ahaitukam = without a reason

But that which is attached to (each) single object as if it were the whole,

atattvArthavad alpaM ca tat tAmasam udAhRtam

a-tattv'-.Artha-vad alpaM ca tat tAmasam udAhRtam

a- = non-, a-, an-

a-tattva- = real, true

a-tattv'-artha- = purpose, meaning; (@latter) in order to, for; wealth

a-tattv'-.Artha-vat = like, -ly (affix)

a-tattv'-.Artha-vad alpam = small, little

a-tattv'-.Artha-vad alpaM ca = and

a-tattv'-.Artha-vad alpaM ca tat = that, he, them, she, it; and then, so, therefore

a-tattv'-.Artha-vad alpaM ca tat tAmasam = tamasic (related to tamas)

a-tattv'-.Artha-vad alpaM ca tat tAmasam udAhRtam = is considered (to be)

which is without reason, without truth, and mean, that knowledge hath been said to be of the quality of darkness.

06040023

niyataM saGgarahitam arAgadveSataH kRtam

niyataM saGga-rahitam a-rAga-dveSa-taH kRtam

niyatam = steady, invariable, firm, observant, prescribed, regular, customary

niyataM saGga- = touching, attachment

niyataM saGga-rahitam = lacking, deprived of

niyataM saGga-rahitam a- = non-, a-, an-

niyataM saGga-rahitam a-rAga- = liking, pleasure, addiction

niyataM saGga-rahitam a-rAga-dveSa- = dislike, hate, aversion

niyataM saGga-rahitam a-rAga-dveSa-taH = from (affix tasil, same as @fifth)

niyataM saGga-rahitam a-rAga-dveSa-taH kRtam = done, made

The action which is prescribed (by the scriptures), (done) without attachment, performed without desires and aversion,

aphalaprepsunA karma yat tat sAttvikam ucyate

a-phala-prepsunA karma yat tat sAttvikam ucyate

a- = non-, a-, an-

a-phala- = fruit, result

a-phala-prepsunA = by one that wants to get

a-phala-prepsunA karma = work

a-phala-prepsunA karma yat = the one which; because, as

a-phala-prepsunA karma yat tat = that, he, them, she, it; and then, so, therefore

a-phala-prepsunA karma yat tat sAttvikam = sattvic

a-phala-prepsunA karma yat tat sAttvikam ucyate = is said

by one who longeth not for (its) fruit, is said to be of the quality of goodness.

06040024

yat tu kAmepsunA karma sAhaMkAreNa vA punaH

yat tu kAm'-..epsunA karma s'-.AhaMkAreNa vA punaH@

yat = the one which; because, as

yat tu = but, (ignore), and

yat tu kAma- = desire

yat tu kAm'-IpsunA = by one that wants to get

yat tu kAm'-..epsunA karma = work

yat tu kAm'-..epsunA karma sa- = that one, he, it (only used before consonant); with (when @former)

yat tu kAm'-..epsunA karma s'-ahaMkAreNa = sense of "I am"

yat tu kAm'-..epsunA karma s'-.AhaMkAreNa vA = or; maybe

yat tu kAm'-..epsunA karma s'-.AhaMkAreNa vA punar = again

But that action which is done by one seeking objects of desire, or by one filled with egoism,

kriyate bahulAyAsaM tad rAjasam udAhRtam

kriyate bahul'-AyAsaM tad rAjasam udAhRtam

kriyate = is done

kriyate bahula- = copious, abundant, numerous; diversely, in many ways

kriyate bahul'-AyAsam = (@m) effort, exertion, trouble, labour

kriyate bahul'-AyAsaM tat = that, he, them, she, it; and then, so, therefore

kriyate bahul'-AyAsaM tad rAjasam = Rajasic

kriyate bahul'-AyAsaM tad rAjasam udAhRtam = is considered (to be)

and which is attended with great trouble, is said to be of the quality of passion.

06040025

anubandhaM kSayaM hiMsAm anapekSya ca pauruSam

anubandham = consequence; connection, supporter, ally

anubandhaM kSayam = destructible; house

anubandhaM kSayaM hiMsAm = hurt, damage

anubandhaM kSayaM hiMsAm anapekSya = without taking into account, without worrying about

anubandhaM kSayaM hiMsAm anapekSya ca = and

anubandhaM kSayaM hiMsAm anapekSya ca pauruSam = prowess, courage (Latin 'virtus')

That action which is undertaken from delusion, without regard to consequences, loss, injury (to others), and (one's own) power also,

mohAd Arabhyate karma yat tat tAmasam ucyate

mohAt = foolishness, bewilderment, perplexity, confusion, distraction

mohAd Arabhyate = is started

mohAd Arabhyate karma = work

mohAd Arabhyate karma yat = the one which; because, as

mohAd Arabhyate karma yat tat = that, he, them, she, it; and then, so, therefore

mohAd Arabhyate karma yat tat tAmasam = tamasic (related to tamas)

mohAd Arabhyate karma yat tat tAmasam ucyate = is said

is said to be of the quality of darkness.

06040026

muktasaGgo 'nahaMvAdI dhRtyutsAhasamanvitaH

mukta-saGgo 'n-ahaM-vAdI dhRty-utsAha-samanvitaH

mukta- = freed, liberated, let go

mukta-saGgaH = attachment, going together

mukta-saGgo an- = non-, a-, an-

mukta-saGgo 'n-aham- = (has su) I, I am

mukta-saGgo 'n-ahaM-vAdI = one that talks

mukta-saGgo 'n-ahaM-vAdI dhRti- = firmness, constancy, resolution, will, command

mukta-saGgo 'n-ahaM-vAdI dhRty-utsAha- = willpower, enthusiasm, morale, mental energy, energy to do things, "batteries"

mukta-saGgo 'n-ahaM-vAdI dhRty-utsAha-samanvitaH = that has, endowed with, full of

The agent who is free from attachment, who never speaketh of himself, who is endued with constancy and energy,

siddhyasiddhyor nirvikAraH kartA sAttvika ucyate

siddhy-asiddhyor nirvikAraH kartA sAttvika ucyate

siddhi- = success, perfection, enlightenment; accomplishment, power (esp. superpower)

siddhy-asiddhyoH = failure

siddhy-asiddhyor nirvikAraH = unchanged, unchangeable, uniform, normal

siddhy-asiddhyor nirvikAraH kartA = maker, doer

siddhy-asiddhyor nirvikAraH kartA sAttvikaH = sattwic

siddhy-asiddhyor nirvikAraH kartA sAttvika ucyate = is said

and is unmoved by success and defeat, is said to be of the quality of goodness.

06040027

rAgI karmaphalaprepsur lubdho hiMsAtmako 'zuciH

rAgI karma-phala-prepsur lubdho hiMsA-''tmako '-zuciH

rAgI = doer (here, same as kartA)

rAgI karma- = work

rAgI karma-phala- = fruit, result

rAgI karma-phala-prepsuH = wanting to get

rAgI karma-phala-prepsur lubdhaH = covetous

rAgI karma-phala-prepsur lubdho hiMsA- = wish to harm

rAgI karma-phala-prepsur lubdho hiMsA-''tmako '-a- = non-, a-, an-

rAgI karma-phala-prepsur lubdho hiMsA-''tmako '-zuciHzuciH = clean, pure

The agent who is full of affections, who wisheth for the fruit of actions, who is covetous, endued with cruelty, and impure,

harSazokAnvitaH kartA rAjasaH parikIrtitaH

harSa-zok'-.AnvitaH kartA rAjasaH parikIrtitaH

harSa- = joy, pleasure, happiness, good spirits

harSa-zoka- = sadness, grief

harSa-zok'-anvitaH = that has

harSa-zok'-.AnvitaH kartA = maker, doer

harSa-zok'-.AnvitaH kartA rAjasaH = Rajasic

harSa-zok'-.AnvitaH kartA rAjasaH parikIrtitaH = called, mentioned, it is said to be

and who feeleth joy and sorrow, is declared to be of the quality of passion.

06040028

ayuktaH prAkRtaH stabdhaH zaTho naikRtiko 'lasaH

a-yuktaH prAkRtaH stabdhaH zaTho naikRtiko 'lasaH

a- = non-, a-, an-

a-yuktaH = joined, yoked, connected; furnished with

a-yuktaH prAkRtaH = common, original, vulgar, primitive

a-yuktaH prAkRtaH stabdhaH = firmly fixed, supported, propped (stambh)

a-yuktaH prAkRtaH stabdhaH zaThaH = cheat, rogue, rascal, conman

a-yuktaH prAkRtaH stabdhaH zaTho naikRtikaH = deceitful, dishonest

a-yuktaH prAkRtaH stabdhaH zaTho naikRtiko alasaH = slow, heavy, dull, tired

4 The agent who is void of application, without discernment, obstinate, deceitful, malicious, slothful,

viSAdI dIrghasUtrI ca kartA tAmasa ucyate

viSAdI = depressive

viSAdI dIrghasUtrI = procrastinator

viSAdI dIrghasUtrI ca = and

viSAdI dIrghasUtrI ca kartA = maker, doer

viSAdI dIrghasUtrI ca kartA tAmasaH = tamasic (related to tamas)

viSAdI dIrghasUtrI ca kartA tAmasa ucyate = is said

desponding, and procrastinating, is said to be of the quality of darkness.

06040029

buddher bhedaM dhRtez caiva guNatas trividhaM zRNu

buddher bhedaM dhRtez caiva guNa-tas tri-vidhaM zRNu

buddheH = intelligence, common sense, wisdom, understanding, power of reasoning

buddher bhedam = splitting, division

buddher bhedaM dhRteH = firmness, steadfastness

buddher bhedaM dhRtez caiva = and (ca + eva)

buddher bhedaM dhRtez caiva guNa- = quality, virtue

buddher bhedaM dhRtez caiva guNa-taH = from (affix tasil, same as @fifth)

buddher bhedaM dhRtez caiva guNa-tas tri- = three

buddher bhedaM dhRtez caiva guNa-tas tri-vidham = kind, sort, class, type

buddher bhedaM dhRtez caiva guNa-tas tri-vidhaM zRNu = listen!

5 Hear now, O Dhananjaya, the three-fold division of intellect and constancy,

procyamAnam azeSeNa pRthaktvena dhanaMjaya

procyamAnam azeSeNa pRthak-tvena dhanaMjaya

procyamAnam = being said

procyamAnam azeSeNa = completely

procyamAnam azeSeNa pRthak- = separately (each one its own way)

procyamAnam azeSeNa pRthak-tvena = hood (affix tva)

procyamAnam azeSeNa pRthak-tvena dhanaMjaya = pn (of Arjuna

according to their qualities, which I am about to declare exhaustively and distinctly.

06040030

pravRttiM ca nivRttiM ca kAryAkArye bhayAbhaye

pravRttiM ca nivRttiM ca kAry'-.A-kArye bhay'-.A-bhaye

pravRttim = news; work (opposed to nivRtti)

pravRttiM ca = and

pravRttiM ca nivRttim = stopping, resting

pravRttiM ca nivRttiM ca = and

pravRttiM ca nivRttiM ca kArya- = (what) has to be done; work, task

pravRttiM ca nivRttiM ca kAry'-a- = non-, a-, an-

pravRttiM ca nivRttiM ca kAry'-.A-kArye = task, work; (what) should be done

pravRttiM ca nivRttiM ca kAry'-.A-kArye bhaya- = fear

pravRttiM ca nivRttiM ca kAry'-.A-kArye bhay'-a- = non-, a-, an-

pravRttiM ca nivRttiM ca kAry'-.A-kArye bhay'-.A-bhaye = fear

The intellect which knoweth action and inaction, what ought to be done and what ought not to be done, fear and fearlessness,

bandhaM mokSaM ca yA vetti buddhiH sA pArtha sAttvikI

bandham = bondage

bandhaM mokSam = liberation, letting go, freeing from

bandhaM mokSaM ca = and

bandhaM mokSaM ca yA = the one that (@f)

bandhaM mokSaM ca yA vetti = knows

bandhaM mokSaM ca yA vetti buddhiH = intelligence, common sense, wisdom, understanding, power of reasoning

bandhaM mokSaM ca yA vetti buddhiH sA = that one, she, it (@f)

bandhaM mokSaM ca yA vetti buddhiH sA pArtha = pn (of the three sons of kuntI)

bandhaM mokSaM ca yA vetti buddhiH sA pArtha sAttvikI = sattwic

bondage and deliverance, is, O son of pRthA, of the quality of goodness.

06040031

yayA dharmam adharmaM ca kAryaM cAkAryam eva ca

yayA dharmam adharmaM ca kAryaM c' .AkAryam eva ca

yayA = she by whom; and by her

yayA dharmam = good (as opposed to evil), righteousness

yayA dharmam adharmam = evil

yayA dharmam adharmaM ca = and

yayA dharmam adharmaM ca kAryam = task; (that) should be done

yayA dharmam adharmaM ca kAryaM ca = and

yayA dharmam adharmaM ca kAryaM c' .AkAryam eva = only; indeed; (@ignore)

yayA dharmam adharmaM ca kAryaM c' .AkAryam eva ca = and

ayathAvat prajAnAti buddhiH sA pArtha rAjasI

ayathAvat prajAnAti = knows, figures out

ayathAvat prajAnAti buddhiH = intelligence, common sense, wisdom, understanding, power of reasoning

ayathAvat prajAnAti buddhiH sA = that one, she, it (@f)

ayathAvat prajAnAti buddhiH sA pArtha = pn (of the three sons of kuntI)

ayathAvat prajAnAti buddhiH sA pArtha rAjasI = Rajasic

The intellect by which one imperfectly discerneth right and wrong, that which ought to be done and that which ought not to be done, is, O son of pRthA, of the quality of passion.

06040032

adharmaM dharmam iti yA manyate tamasAvRtA

adharmaM dharmam iti yA manyate tamasA ''vRtA

adharmam = evil

adharmaM dharmam = good (as opposed to evil), righteousness

adharmaM dharmam iti = (close quote); saying, thinking

adharmaM dharmam iti yA = the one that (@f)

adharmaM dharmam iti yA manyate = thinks

adharmaM dharmam iti yA manyate tamasA = darkness

adharmaM dharmam iti yA manyate tamasA AvRtA = surrounded, covered, enveloped

sarvArthAn viparItAMz ca buddhiH sA pArtha tAmasI

sarv'-.ArthAn viparItAMz ca buddhiH sA pArtha tAmasI

sarva- = all (when @pl); each, every, the whole of, all of it (when @sg)

sarv'-arthAn = purpose, meaning; wealth

sarv'-.ArthAn viparItAMz ca = and

sarv'-.ArthAn viparItAMz ca buddhiH = intelligence, common sense, wisdom, understanding, power of reasoning

sarv'-.ArthAn viparItAMz ca buddhiH sA = that one, she, it (@f)

sarv'-.ArthAn viparItAMz ca buddhiH sA pArtha = pn (of the three sons of kuntI)

sarv'-.ArthAn viparItAMz ca buddhiH sA pArtha tAmasI = tamasic

That intellect which, shrouded by darkness, regardeth wrong to be right, and all things as reversed, is, O son of pRthA, of the quality of darkness.

06040033

dhRtyA yayA dhArayate manaHprANendriyakriyAH

dhRtyA yayA dhArayate manaH-prAN'-.endriya-kriyAH

dhRtyA yayA = she by whom; and by her

dhRtyA yayA dhArayate = supports, maintains, holds

dhRtyA yayA dhArayate manaH- = mind (@n as-)

dhRtyA yayA dhArayate manaH-prANa- = breath, life, life energy

dhRtyA yayA dhArayate manaH-prAN'-indriya- = sense, organ

dhRtyA yayA dhArayate manaH-prAN'-.endriya-kriyAH = rituals, actions

yogenAvyabhicAriNyA dhRtiH sA pArtha sAttvikI

yogen' .AvyabhicAriNyA dhRtiH sA pArtha sAttvikI

yogena = yoga

yogen' .AvyabhicAriNyA dhRtiH = firmness, steadfastness

yogen' .AvyabhicAriNyA dhRtiH sA = that one, she, it (@f)

yogen' .AvyabhicAriNyA dhRtiH sA pArtha = pn (of the three sons of kuntI)

yogen' .AvyabhicAriNyA dhRtiH sA pArtha sAttvikI = sattwic

That unswerving constancy by which one controls the functions of the mind, the life-breaths, and the senses, through devotion, that constancy, is, O son of pRthA, of the quality of goodness.

06040034

yayA tu dharmakAmArthAn dhRtyA dhArayate 'rjuna

yayA tu dharma-kAm'-.ArthAn dhRtyA dhArayate 'rjuna

yayA = she by whom; and by her

yayA tu = but, (ignore), and

yayA tu dharma- = good (as opposed to evil), righteousness

yayA tu dharma-kAma- = desire

yayA tu dharma-kAm'-arthAn = purpose, meaning; wealth

yayA tu dharma-kAm'-.ArthAn dhRtyA dhArayate = supports, maintains, holds

yayA tu dharma-kAm'-.ArthAn dhRtyA dhArayate arjuna = pn (of a kind of tree, of a pANDava prince)

prasaGgena phalAkAGkSI dhRtiH sA pArtha rAjasI

prasaGgena phal'-AkAGkSI dhRtiH sA pArtha rAjasI

prasaGgena = when the occasion presents itself, occasionally, incidentally; connected (with @former)

prasaGgena phala- = fruit, result

prasaGgena phal'-AkAGkSI dhRtiH = firmness, steadfastness

prasaGgena phal'-AkAGkSI dhRtiH sA = that one, she, it (@f)

prasaGgena phal'-AkAGkSI dhRtiH sA pArtha = pn (of the three sons of kuntI)

prasaGgena phal'-AkAGkSI dhRtiH sA pArtha rAjasI = Rajasic

1 But that constancy, O Arjuna, by which one holds to religion, desire, and profit, through attachment, desiring fruit, that constancy, O son of pRthA, is of the quality of passion.

06040035

yayA svapnaM bhayaM zokaM viSAdaM madam eva ca

yayA = she by whom; and by her

yayA svapnam = sleeping ("dream" when used with dRz)

yayA svapnaM bhayam = fear

yayA svapnaM bhayaM zokam = sadness, grief

yayA svapnaM bhayaM zokaM viSAdam = despair, depression, hopelessness, dejection

yayA svapnaM bhayaM zokaM viSAdaM madam = rut juice

yayA svapnaM bhayaM zokaM viSAdaM madam eva = only; indeed; (@ignore)

yayA svapnaM bhayaM zokaM viSAdaM madam eva ca = and

na vimuJcati durmedhA dhRtiH sA pArtha tAmasI

na vimuJcati dur-medhA dhRtiH sA pArtha tAmasI

na = no, not, doesn't

na vimuJcati duH- = hard to (only @former), bad

na vimuJcati dur-medhA dhRtiH = firmness, steadfastness

na vimuJcati dur-medhA dhRtiH sA = that one, she, it (@f)

na vimuJcati dur-medhA dhRtiH sA pArtha = pn (of the three sons of kuntI)

na vimuJcati dur-medhA dhRtiH sA pArtha tAmasI = tamasic

That through which an undiscerning person abandons not sleep, fear, sorrow, despondency, and folly, that constancy is deemed to be of the quality of darkness.

index of webgloss files