04047 webgloss

note: sacred-texts

note: sukhanakar

04047001

bhISma uvAca

bhISmaH = pn; terrible

bhISma uvAca = said

"Bhishma said,

kalAMzAs tAta yujyante muhUrtAz ca dinAni ca

kalAMzAH = a part of a part; thirtieth of a muhUrta

kalAMzAs tAta = bro, dad, sonny

kalAMzAs tAta yujyante = they are joined

kalAMzAs tAta yujyante muhUrtAH = hour (1/30th of a nychthemeron)

kalAMzAs tAta yujyante muhUrtAz ca = and

kalAMzAs tAta yujyante muhUrtAz ca dinAni = days

kalAMzAs tAta yujyante muhUrtAz ca dinAni ca = and

'The wheel of time revolves with its divisions, viz., with Kalas and Kasthas and Muhurtas and days

note: sukhanakar

ardhamAsAz ca mAsAz ca nakSatrANi grahAs tathA

ardha-mAsAz ca mAsAz ca nakSatrANi grahAs tathA

ardha- = half

ardha-mAsAH = months

ardha-mAsAz ca = and

ardha-mAsAz ca mAsAH = months

ardha-mAsAz ca mAsAz ca = and

ardha-mAsAz ca mAsAz ca nakSatrANi = constellations

ardha-mAsAz ca mAsAz ca nakSatrANi grahAH = planets

ardha-mAsAz ca mAsAz ca nakSatrANi grahAs tathA = in that way; and then; okay, yes, gotcha, roger

and fortnights and months and constellations and planets

04047002

Rtavaz cApi yujyante tathA saMvatsarA api

Rtavaz cApi yujyante tathA saMvatsarA$ api

RtavaH = seasons (of months each)

Rtavaz cApi = too (ca + api)

Rtavaz cApi yujyante = they are joined

Rtavaz cApi yujyante tathA = in that way; and then; okay, yes, gotcha, roger

Rtavaz cApi yujyante tathA saMvatsarAH = years

Rtavaz cApi yujyante tathA saMvatsarA$ api = even, too (enclitic); maybe? (starts yes/no questions); any-, some- (turns who into someone etc.)

and seasons and years.

evaM kAlavibhAgena kAlacakraM pravartate

evaM kAla-vibhAgena kAla-cakraM pravartate

evam = thus, this way

evaM kAla- = time; destiny

evaM kAla-vibhAgena = division

evaM kAla-vibhAgena kAla- = time; destiny

evaM kAla-vibhAgena kAla-cakram = wheel, circle, cycle

evaM kAla-vibhAgena kAla-cakraM pravartate = rolls, goes onward (as a carriage's wheel)

04047003

teSAM kAlAtirekeNa jyotiSAM ca vyatikramAt

teSAM kAl'-.AtirekeNa jyotiSAM ca vyatikramAt

teSAm = of them, among them

teSAM kAla- = time; destiny

teSAM kAl'-atirekeNa = surplus, excess (from ati + ric)

teSAM kAl'-.AtirekeNa jyotiSAm = light; the lights in the sky (stars, sun, moon, constelllations)

teSAM kAl'-.AtirekeNa jyotiSAM ca = and

teSAM kAl'-.AtirekeNa jyotiSAM ca vyatikramAt = because of going too far

In consequence of their fractional excesses and the deviations of also of the heavenly bodies,

paJcame paJcame varSe dvau mAsAv upajAyataH

paJcame = fifth

paJcame paJcame = fifth

paJcame paJcame varSe = year

paJcame paJcame varSe dvau = two

paJcame paJcame varSe dvau mAsau = two months

paJcame paJcame varSe dvau mAsAv upajAyataH = both are added, both are born (from upa + jan, not from ji)

there is an increase of two months in every five years.

04047004

teSAm abhyadhikA mAsAH paJca dvAdaza ca kSapAH

teSAm = of them, among them

teSAm abhyadhikA = extraordinary, very high

teSAm abhyadhikA mAsAH = months

teSAm abhyadhikA mAsAH paJca = five

teSAm abhyadhikA mAsAH paJca dvAdaza = twelve

teSAm abhyadhikA mAsAH paJca dvAdaza ca = and

teSAm abhyadhikA mAsAH paJca dvAdaza ca kSapAH = nights; nychthemerons

trayodazAnAM varSANAm iti me vartate matiH

trayodazAnAm = of thirteen

trayodazAnAM varSANAm = year

trayodazAnAM varSANAm iti = (close quote); saying, thinking

trayodazAnAM varSANAm iti me = my, (is) mine, I have (Gas); to me, for me (Ge); by me (TA)

trayodazAnAM varSANAm iti me vartate = happens, turns out to, spins

trayodazAnAM varSANAm iti me vartate matiH = thought, opinion, intention

It seems to me that calculating this wise, there would be an excess of five months and twelve nights in thirteen years.

04047005

sarvaM yathAvac caritaM yad yad ebhiH parizrutam

sarvam = whole, entire, all

sarvaM yathAvat = properly

sarvaM yathAvac caritam = story, adventures; action, deed, behaviour; (act of) going; went

sarvaM yathAvac caritaM yat = the one which; because, as

sarvaM yathAvac caritaM yad yat = the one which; because, as

sarvaM yathAvac caritaM yad yad ebhiH = by these, with these (idam- + bhis)

sarvaM yathAvac caritaM yad yad ebhiH parizrutam = was heard (by them was heard they were told)

Everything, therefore, that the sons of Pandu had promised, hath been exactly fulfilled by them.

evam etad dhruvaM jJAtvA tato bIbhatsur AgataH

evam = thus, this way

evam etat = this

evam etad dhruvam = fixed, necessary; for sure, no doubt, necessarily

evam etad dhruvaM jJAtvA = know and

evam etad dhruvaM jJAtvA tataH = and then; from it; and from there; then; from then on

evam etad dhruvaM jJAtvA tato bIbhatsuH = pn (of arjuna)

evam etad dhruvaM jJAtvA tato bIbhatsur AgataH = came; (that has) come

Knowing this to be certain, bIbhatsu hath made his appearance.

note: bhISma appears to be saying that the pANDavas promised their exile would last 13 times twelve synodic (lunar) months, but they actually remained hidden for thirteen "years", which is five months longer than that, so they are in the clear.

04047006

sarve caiva mahAtmAnaH sarve dharmArthakovidAH

sarve caiva mahAtmAnaH sarve dharm'-.Artha-kovidAH

sarve = all

sarve caiva = and (ca + eva)

sarve caiva mahAtmAnaH = noble, magnanimous (having a great or noble nature)

sarve caiva mahAtmAnaH sarve = all

sarve caiva mahAtmAnaH sarve dharma- = good (as opposed to evil), righteousness

sarve caiva mahAtmAnaH sarve dharm'-artha- = purpose, meaning; (@latter) in order to, for; wealth

sarve caiva mahAtmAnaH sarve dharm'-.Artha-kovidAH = conversant with

All of them are high-souled and fully conversant with the meanings of the scriptures.

yeSAM yudhiSThiro rAjA kasmAd dharme 'parAdhnuyuH

yeSAm = the ones that have, the ones whose; whose, and of them

yeSAM yudhiSThiraH = pn (of a king)

yeSAM yudhiSThiro rAjA = king

yeSAM yudhiSThiro rAjA kasmAt = why; from where

yeSAM yudhiSThiro rAjA kasmAd dharme = righteousness, custom

yeSAM yudhiSThiro rAjA kasmAd dharme aparAdhnuyuH = they would miss (as an archer; apa + rAdh + znu)

How would they deviate from virtue that have Yudhishthira for their guide?

04047007

alubdhAz caiva kaunteyAH kRtavantaz ca duSkaram

a-lubdhAz caiva kaunteyAH kRtavantaz ca duSkaram

a- = non-, a-, an-

a-lubdhAH = greedy

a-lubdhAz caiva = and (ca + eva)

a-lubdhAz caiva kaunteyAH = pn (the sons of kuntI)

a-lubdhAz caiva kaunteyAH kRtavantaH = (even when they) are doing

a-lubdhAz caiva kaunteyAH kRtavantaz ca = and

a-lubdhAz caiva kaunteyAH kRtavantaz ca duSkaram = hard to do

The sons of kuntI do not yield to temptation. They have achieved a difficult feat.

na cApi kevalaM rAjyam iccheyus te 'nupAyataH

na = no, not, doesn't

na cApi = too (ca + api)

na cApi kevalam = only; particular, peculiar

na cApi kevalaM rAjyam = kingness, sovereignty, state of being king; a kingdom

na cApi kevalaM rAjyam iccheyuH = they would want

na cApi kevalaM rAjyam iccheyus te = they; your (enclitic); to you (enclitic)

na cApi kevalaM rAjyam iccheyus te anupAyataH = by bad means (same as an-upAyena, but with tasil)

If they had coveted the possession of their kingdom by unfair means,

04047008

tadaiva te hi vikrAntum ISuH kauravanandanAH

tadaiva te hi vikrAntum ISuH kaurava-nandanAH

tadaiva = right away, inmediately

tadaiva te = they; your (enclitic); to you (enclitic)

tadaiva te hi = because; (@ignore)

tadaiva te hi vikrAntum ISuH = they wanted, they tried

tadaiva te hi vikrAntum ISuH kaurava- = pn (descendant of kuru)

tadaiva te hi vikrAntum ISuH kaurava-nandanAH = sons, descendants

then those descendants of the kuru race would have sought to display their prowess at the time of the match at dice.

dharmapAzanibaddhAs tu na celuH kSatriyavratAt

dharma-pAza-nibaddhAs tu na celuH kSatriya-vratAt

dharma- = good (as opposed to evil), righteousness

dharma-pAza- = snare

dharma-pAza-nibaddhAs tu = but, (ignore), and

dharma-pAza-nibaddhAs tu na = no, not, doesn't

dharma-pAza-nibaddhAs tu na celuH = they trembled; they went astray, swerved from

dharma-pAza-nibaddhAs tu na celuH kSatriya- = pn (a member of the warrior caste)

dharma-pAza-nibaddhAs tu na celuH kSatriya-vratAt = vow

Bound in bonds of virtue, they did not deviate from the duties of the Kshatriya order.

04047009

yac cAnRta iti khyAyed yac ca gacchet parAbhavam

yac c' .AnRta iti khyAyed yac ca gacchet parAbhavam

yat = the one which; because, as

yac ca = and

yac c' anRtaH = lie, falsehood

yac c' .AnRta iti = (close quote); saying, thinking

yac c' .AnRta iti khyAyed yat = the one which; because, as

yac c' .AnRta iti khyAyed yac ca = and

yac c' .AnRta iti khyAyed yac ca gacchet = would go, should go, might go, must go

yac c' .AnRta iti khyAyed yac ca gacchet parAbhavam = defeat, ruin

He that will regard them to have behaved falsely will surely meet with defeat.

vRNuyur maraNaM pArthA nAnRtatvaM kathaM cana

vRNuyur maraNaM pArthA$ n' .AnRta-tvaM kathaM cana

vRNuyuH = they would choose

vRNuyur maraNam = death

vRNuyur maraNaM pArthAH = pn (of the three sons of kuntI)

vRNuyur maraNaM pArthA$ na = no, not, doesn't

vRNuyur maraNaM pArthA$ n' anRta- = lie, falsehood, untruth

vRNuyur maraNaM pArthA$ n' .AnRta-tvam = you (has su); -ness, -hood, -ship (affix)

vRNuyur maraNaM pArthA$ n' .AnRta-tvaM katham = how?

vRNuyur maraNaM pArthA$ n' .AnRta-tvaM kathaM cana = any-, some- (turns who into someone etc.)

The sons of Pritha would prefer death to falsehood.

04047010

prApte tu kAle prAptavyaM notsRjeyur nararSabhAH

prApte tu kAle prAptavyaM n' .otsRjeyur nara-@rSabhAH

prApte = reached

prApte tu = but, (ignore), and

prApte tu kAle = in time; at the hour

prApte tu kAle prAptavyaM na = no, not, doesn't

prApte tu kAle prAptavyaM n' utsRjeyuH = they would give up

prApte tu kAle prAptavyaM n' .otsRjeyur nara- = man

prApte tu kAle prAptavyaM n' .otsRjeyur nara-RSabhAH = bull

When the time, however, comes, those bulls among men --the Pandava's--

api vajrabhRtA guptaM tathAvIryA hi pANDavAH

api vajra-bhRtA guptaM tathA-vIryA$ hi pANDavAH

api = even, too (enclitic); maybe? (starts yes/no questions); any-, some- (turns who into someone etc.)

api vajra- = diamond

api vajra-bhRtA = carrier (with TA)

api vajra-bhRtA guptam = protected, led; hidden, secret, covered

api vajra-bhRtA guptaM tathA- = in that way; and then; okay, yes, gotcha, roger

api vajra-bhRtA guptaM tathA-vIryAH = courage

api vajra-bhRtA guptaM tathA-vIryA$ hi = because; (@ignore)

api vajra-bhRtA guptaM tathA-vIryA$ hi pANDavAH = pn

endued with energy like that of Sikra, would not give up what is theirs even if it is defended by the wielder himself of the thunderbolt.

04047011

pratiyudhyAma samare sarvazastrabhRtAM varam

pratiyudhyAma samare sarva-zastra-bhRtAM varam

pratiyudhyAma samare = in combat

pratiyudhyAma samare sarva- = all (when @pl); each, every, the whole of, all of it (when @sg)

pratiyudhyAma samare sarva-zastra- = weapon

pratiyudhyAma samare sarva-zastra-bhRtAm = carrier, supporter

pratiyudhyAma samare sarva-zastra-bhRtAM varam = best, it is best; bridegroom, husband

We shall have to oppose in battle the foremost of all wielders of weapons.

tasmAd yad atra kalyANaM loke sadbhir anuSThitam

tasmAt = therefore; from it; from that

tasmAd yat = the one which; because, as

tasmAd yad atra = here, in this

tasmAd yad atra kalyANam = good; good luck

tasmAd yad atra kalyANaM loke = world; everybody, citizens, people

tasmAd yad atra kalyANaM loke sadbhiH = good man

Therefore, let such advantageous arrangements as have the sanction of the good and the honest

tat saMvidhIyatAM kSipraM mA no hy artho 'tigAt parAn

tat = that, he, them, she, it; and then, so, therefore

tat saMvidhIyatAm = let it be arranged

tat saMvidhIyatAM kSipram = quickly, inmediately

tat saMvidhIyatAM kSipraM mA = don't (with inj.); me (same as mAm, rare)

tat saMvidhIyatAM kSipraM mA naH = us, to us

tat saMvidhIyatAM kSipraM mA no hi = because; (@ignore)

tat saMvidhIyatAM kSipraM mA no hy arthaH = purpose, meaning; (@latter) in order to, for; wealth

tat saMvidhIyatAM kSipraM mA no hy artho 'tigAt parAn = enemy

be now made without loss of time so that our possessions may not be appropriated by the foe.

04047012

na hi pazyAmi saMgrAme kadA cid api kaurava

na = no, not, doesn't

na hi = because; (@ignore)

na hi pazyAmi = i see

na hi pazyAmi saMgrAme = battle, battlefield

na hi pazyAmi saMgrAme kadA = when

na hi pazyAmi saMgrAme kadA cit = any-, some- (turns who into someone etc.)

na hi pazyAmi saMgrAme kadA cid api = even, too (enclitic); maybe? (starts yes/no questions); any-, some- (turns who into someone etc.)

na hi pazyAmi saMgrAme kadA cid api kaurava = pn (descendant of kuru)

O king of kings, O Kaurava, I have never seen a battle

ekAntasiddhiM rAjendra saMprAptaz ca dhanaMjayaH

ekAnta-siddhiM rAj'-.endra saMprAptaz ca dhanaMjayaH

ekAnta- = absolutely, wholly

ekAnta-siddhim = success, perfection, enlightenment; accomplishment, power (esp. superpower)

ekAnta-siddhiM rAja- = king

ekAnta-siddhiM rAj'-indra = lord; pn (of the king of the gods)

ekAnta-siddhiM rAj'-.endra saMprAptaH = reached, attained, arrived

ekAnta-siddhiM rAj'-.endra saMprAptaz ca = and

ekAnta-siddhiM rAj'-.endra saMprAptaz ca dhanaMjayaH = pn (of Arjuna

in which one of the parties could say, --we are sure to win.

04047013

saMpravRtte tu saMgrAme bhAvAbhAvau jayAjayau

saMpravRtte tu saMgrAme bhAv'-.AbhAvau jay'-.Ajayau

saMpravRtte = (that had) started

saMpravRtte tu = but, (ignore), and

saMpravRtte tu saMgrAme = battle, battlefield

saMpravRtte tu saMgrAme bhAva- = being, existence, nature, state, character

saMpravRtte tu saMgrAme bhAv'-.AbhAvau jaya- = victory

When a battle occurs, there must be victory or defeat, prosperity or adversity.

avazyam ekaM spRzato dRSTam etad asaMzayam

avazyam = necessarily

avazyam ekam = one; alone

avazyam ekaM spRzato dRSTam = (was) seen

avazyam ekaM spRzato dRSTam etat = this

avazyam ekaM spRzato dRSTam etad asaMzayam = no doubt

Without doubt, a party to a battle must have either of the two.

04047014

tasmAd yuddhAvacarikaM karma vA dharmasaMhitam

tasmAd yuddh'-.AvacarikaM karma vA dharma-saMhitam

tasmAt = therefore; from it; from that

tasmAd yuddha- = fight, battle, war

tasmAd yuddh'-.AvacarikaM karma = work

tasmAd yuddh'-.AvacarikaM karma vA = or; maybe

tasmAd yuddh'-.AvacarikaM karma vA dharma- = good (as opposed to evil), righteousness

Therefore, O king of kings, whether a battle be now proper or not consistent with virtue or not,

kriyatAm Azu rAjendra saMprApto hi dhanaMjayaH

kriyatAm Azu rAj'-.endra saMprApto hi dhanaMjayaH

kriyatAm = let it be done

kriyatAm Azu = quickly

kriyatAm Azu rAja- = king

kriyatAm Azu rAj'-indra = lord; pn (of the king of the gods)

kriyatAm Azu rAj'-.endra saMprAptaH = reached, attained, arrived

kriyatAm Azu rAj'-.endra saMprApto hi = because; (@ignore)

kriyatAm Azu rAj'-.endra saMprApto hi dhanaMjayaH = pn (of Arjuna

make thy arrangements soon, for dhanaMjaya is at hand.'

04047015

duryodhana uvAca

duryodhanaH = pn

duryodhana uvAca = said

"Duryodhana said,

nAhaM rAjyaM pradAsyAmi pANDavAnAM pitAmaha

n' .AhaM rAjyaM pradAsyAmi pANDavAnAM pitAmaha

na = no, not, doesn't

n' aham = (has su) I, I am

n' .AhaM rAjyam = kingness, sovereignty, state of being king; a kingdom

n' .AhaM rAjyaM pradAsyAmi = I'll give out

n' .AhaM rAjyaM pradAsyAmi pANDavAnAm = pn

n' .AhaM rAjyaM pradAsyAmi pANDavAnAM pitAmaha = grandfather

'I will not, O grandsire, give back the Pandavas their kingdom.

yuddhAvacArikaM yat tu tac chIghraM saMvidhIyatAm

yuddh'-.AvacArikaM yat tu tac chIghraM saMvidhIyatAm

yuddha- = fight, battle, war

yuddh'-.AvacArikaM yat = the one which; because, as

yuddh'-.AvacArikaM yat tu = but, (ignore), and

yuddh'-.AvacArikaM yat tu tat = that, he, them, she, it; and then, so, therefore

yuddh'-.AvacArikaM yat tu tac zIghram = quickly

yuddh'-.AvacArikaM yat tu tac chIghraM saMvidhIyatAm = let it be arranged

Let every preparation, therefore, for battle be made without delay.'

04047016

bhISma uvAca

bhISmaH = pn; terrible

bhISma uvAca = said

"Bhishma said,

atra yA mAmakI buddhiH zrUyatAM yadi rocate

atra = here, in this

atra yA = the one that (@f)

atra yA mAmakI buddhiH = intelligence, common sense, wisdom, understanding, power of reasoning

atra yA mAmakI buddhiH zrUyatAm = let it be heard

atra yA mAmakI buddhiH zrUyatAM yadi = if

atra yA mAmakI buddhiH zrUyatAM yadi rocate = it appeals (it appeals to me = I like it)

'Listen to what I regard as proper, if it pleases thee. I should always say what is for thy good, O Kaurava.

kSipraM balacaturbhAgaM gRhya gaccha puraM prati

kSipraM bala-caturbhAgaM gRhya gaccha puraM prati

kSipram = quickly, inmediately

kSipraM bala- = strength; forces, army, troops

kSipraM bala-caturbhAgaM gRhya = took and (bad grammar for gRhItvA)

kSipraM bala-caturbhAgaM gRhya gaccha = go!

kSipraM bala-caturbhAgaM gRhya gaccha puram = city

kSipraM bala-caturbhAgaM gRhya gaccha puraM prati = towards, against; every, each (@former)

Proceed thou towards the capital, without loss of time, taking with thee a fourth part of the army.

tato 'paraz caturbhAgo gAH samAdAya gacchatu

tataH = and then; from it; and from there; then; from then on

tato aparaH = another

tato 'paraz caturbhAgo gAH = cows (@blue); (do not) go (@red)

tato 'paraz caturbhAgo gAH samAdAya = gathered and, took and

tato 'paraz caturbhAgo gAH samAdAya gacchatu = let him go, make him go

And let another fourth march, escorting the kine.

04047017

vayaM tv ardhena sainyena pratiyotsyAma pANDavam

vayam = we

vayaM tu = but, (ignore), and

vayaM tv ardhena = half

vayaM tv ardhena sainyena = (n.) army; (m.) soldier

vayaM tv ardhena sainyena pratiyotsyAma pANDavam = pn

With half the troops we will fight the Pandava.

matsyaM vA punar AyAtam atha vApi zatakratum

matsyam = fish

matsyaM vA = or; maybe

matsyaM vA punar = again

matsyaM vA punar AyAtam atha = then, and then

matsyaM vA punar AyAtam atha vApi = or even, or

matsyaM vA punar AyAtam atha vApi zatakratum = pn (of indra)

Myself and Drona, and karNa and Aswatthaman and kRpa will resolutely withstand Vibhatsu, or the king of the Matsyas, or Indra himself, if he approaches.

Indeed, we will withstand any of these like the bank withstanding the surging sea.'

note: apparently indology has a hole here

"Vaisampayana continued, 'These words spoken by the high-souled Bhishma were acceptable to them, and the king of the Kauravas acted accordingly without delay. And having sent away the king and then the kine, Bhishma began to array the soldiers in order of battle. And addressing the preceptor, he said,

04047018

AcAryo madhyatas tiSThatv azvatthAmA tu savyataH

AcAryaH = teacher

AcAryo madhyatas tiSThatu = (let it) stay, (let it) remain

AcAryo madhyatas tiSThatv azvatthAmA = pn (of droNa's son)

AcAryo madhyatas tiSThatv azvatthAmA tu = but, (ignore), and

'O preceptor, stand thou in the centre, and let Aswatthaman stand on the left,

kRpaH zAradvato dhImAn pArzvaM rakSatu dakSiNam

kRpaH = pn

kRpaH zAradvataH = pn

kRpaH zAradvato dhImAn = smart

kRpaH zAradvato dhImAn pArzvam = side

kRpaH zAradvato dhImAn pArzvaM rakSatu = let him protect

kRpaH zAradvato dhImAn pArzvaM rakSatu dakSiNam = south; right side

and let the wise kRpa, son of Saradwata, defend the right wing,

04047019

agrataH sUtaputras tu karNas tiSThatu daMzitaH

agrataH = forward

agrataH sUtaputraH = pn (of karNa, k)

agrataH sUtaputras tu = but, (ignore), and

agrataH sUtaputras tu karNaH = pn; ear

agrataH sUtaputras tu karNas tiSThatu = (let it) stay, (let it) remain

agrataH sUtaputras tu karNas tiSThatu daMzitaH = bitten

and let karNa of the Suta caste, clad in mail, stand in the van.

ahaM sarvasya sainyasya pazcAt sthAsyAmi pAlayan

aham = (has su) I, I am

ahaM sarvasya = each; everything, all

ahaM sarvasya sainyasya = (n.) army

ahaM sarvasya sainyasya pazcAt = afterwards

I will stand in the rear of the whole army, protecting it from that point.'"

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