/madhyama / मध्यम

A noun is second person when its referent includes the listener but not the speaker.

The nouns formed by joining /asmad- plus some /sup ending are always second person. Such as /yuSmad- + /su → **tvam त्वम् —

samyak tvam pRcchasi सम्यक्त्वं पृच्छसि "properly thou askest"

or /yuSmad- + /bhis → **yuSmAbhis युष्माभिस् —

kartavyaM yuSmAbhiH कर्तव्यं युष्माभिः "y'all must do it"

Even though /pANini does not bother to say so, all other nouns are second person when their meaning includes the listener but not the speaker. So when you talk to a monkey you may say —

ramadhve kapayaH रमध्वे कपयः "y'all monkeys (sure know how to) have fun"

Here the verb took the second person ending /dhvam because the listener is included among the **kapayas कपयस्. There is no need to say ramadhve yUyaG kapayaH रमध्वे यूयं कपयः, with **yUyam यूयम् (that is grammatical too, but not elegant).

Exception: if the listener is talked about with a respectful title (in the line of "your honor", "your holiness", "the minister"), then what includes the listener but not the speaker is third person —

zanair zanair Arohatu devaH शनैर्शनैरारोहतु देवः "Your Majesty should ascend very gently"

See yuSmadyupap....