deriv LSK ETT STT aSTA ALPH OLDHOMEPAGE NEWHOMEPAGE

@normalizing

I have the custom of writing padafinal b ब् g ग् D ड् d द् as p प् k क् T ट् t त् whenever I can get out with it. This custom is called normalizing and there are good reasons to follow it. But it is confusing to the beginner, so it merits some explanation —

The word suhRd सुहृद् properly speaking ends in d द् because it is formed by adding /su after the nounbase **suhRd- सुहृद्, which has **hRd- हृद् "heart" ifc.

The word indrajit इन्द्रजित् properly speaking ends in t त् because it is formed by adding /su after the nounbase **indrajit- इन्द्रजित्, which has jit जित् ifc; this jit जित् is known to end in t त् because it is made by adding /tuk augment (not duk दुक्) after the rootnoun ji जि.

Now, there is no difference in sound at all between a padafinal d द् and a padafinal t त्. Both are pronounced d द् before vowels and most /haz letters —

suhRd apazyat सुहृदपश्यत्
indrajid apazyat इन्द्रजिदपश्यत्

Both are pronounced t त् before most /khar letters —

suhRt pazyati सुहृत्पश्यति
indrajit pazyati इन्द्रजित्पश्यति

And both, according to pANini पाणिनि, may be pronounced either t त् or d द् before a pause

pazyati suhRt पश्यति सुहृत्
pazyati suhRd पश्यति सुहृद्
apazyad indrajit अपश्यदिन्द्रजित्
apazyad indrajid अपश्यदिन्द्रजिद्

Even though /pANini does not say how things are to be spelled, an old custom forces us to write those t त् d द् that are before pause always as t त्.

This custom makes things easier. The spelling does not depend on whether the writer chooses to pronounce as d द् or as t त्. It also does not depend on whether the original letter used to be d द् because it came from hRd हृद् or t त् because it came from /tuk. This saves you trouble.

Nothwistanding this custom, /pANini still allows you to say indrajid इन्द्रजिद् and suhRd सुहृद् before pause.

Please allow me to remind you again that when saying t त् and d द् the tongue tip must touch the teeth. Saying those as in English words "hit" and "hid" is a no-no; both sound as hiT हिट् to the Indian ear.