12122001a atrApy udAharantImam itihAsamM purAtanam 'bhISma said, 'In this connection is cited the old story that follows.
12122001c aGgeSu rAjA dyutimAn vasuhoma iti zrutaH There was among the Angas a king of great splendour, called Vasuhoma.
12122002a sa rAjA dharmanityasH san saha patnyA mahAtapAH That king was always engaged in acts of piety, and accompanied by his spouse he always practiced the most rigid penances.
12122002c muJjapRSThaJM jagAmAtha devarSigaNapUjitam He repaired to the spot called Munjaprishtha held in high esteem by the pitRs and the celestial RSis.
12122003a tatra zRGge himavato merau kanakaparvate There, on that peak of Himavat, near the golden mountain meru,
12122003c yatra muJjavaTe rAmo jaTAharaNam Adizat (the great brAhmaNa here) rAma, sitting under the shade of a well-known banian, had tied his matted locks together.
12122004a tadAprabhRti rAjendra RSibhisH saMzitavrataiH 1 From that time, O monarch,
12122004c muJjapRSTha iti proktasH sa dezo rudrasevitaH the spot, which is a favourite haunt of rudra, came to be called Munjaprishtha by RSis of rigid vows.
12122005a sa tatra bahubhir yuktasH sadA zrutimayair guNaiH
12122005c brAhmaNAnAm anumato devarSisadRzo 'bhavat King Vasuhoma, residing in that spot, acquired many pious attributes and, having gained the esteem of the brAhmaNas, came to be regarded as a celestial RSi in holiness.
12122006a taGM kadA cid adInAtmA sakhA zakrasya mAnitaH One day, to that Vasuhoma on his mountain retreat, came the friend of zakra,
12122006c abhyAgacchan mahIpAlo mAndhAtA zatrukarzanaH king Mandhatri of great soul, that crusher of foes.
12122007a so 'bhisRtya tu mAndhAtA vasuhomanM narAdhipam Arrived there, Mandhatri, saw king vasuhoma
12122007c dRSTvA prakRSTanM tapasA vinayenAbhyatiSThata of austere penances and stood before him in an attitude of humility.
12122008a vasuhomo 'pi rAjJo vai gAm arghyaJM ca nyavedayat Then vasuhoma offered unto his guest water to wash his feet, and the Arghya consisting of the usual articles,
12122008c aSTAGgasya ca rAjyasya papraccha kuzalanM tadA and enquired of him about the well-being or otherwise of his kingdom consisting of seven limbs.
12122009a sadbhir AcaritamM pUrvaM yathAvad anuyAyinam After this, Vasuhoma addressed his royal guest who faithfully followed the practices of the righteous men of old,
12122009c apRcchad vasuhomas taM rAjan kiGM karavANi te saying, 'What, O king, shall I do for thee?'
12122010a so 'bravIt paramaprIto mAndhAtA rAjasattamam Then Mandhatri, that best of kings, highly gratified, told
note: sattamam or sattamaH ?
12122010c vasuhomamM mahAprAjJam AsInaGM kurunandana Vasuhoma of great wisdom seated at his ease, O delighter of the kurus, the following words,
12122011 mAndhAtovAca 'Mandhatri said,
12122011a bRhaspater mataM rAjann adhItaM sakalanM tvayA 'Thou hast, O king, studied all the doctrines of bRhaspati.
12122011c tathaivzanasaM zAstraM vijJAtanM te narAdhipa O best of men, the doctrines laid down by Usanas also are known to thee.
12122012a tad ahaM zrotum icchAmi daNDa utpadyate katham I desire to know what is the origin of Chastisement.
12122012c kiM vApi pUrvaJM jAgarti kiM vA paramam ucyate What was awake before Chastisement? What also is said to be its end?
12122013a kathaGM kSatriyasaMsthaz ca
12122013b daNDasH samMpraty avasthitaH How came Chastisement to depend upon the kSatriya?
12122013c brUhi me sumahAprAjJa Tell me all this. O thou of great wisdom!
12122013d dadAmy AcAryavetanam I come to thee as a disciple ready to give thee the tutorial fee.'
12122014 vasuhoma uvAca 2 'Vasuhoma said,
12122014a zRNu rAjan yathA daNDasH samMbhUto lokasaGMgrahaH 'Listen, O king, as to how Chastisement, that upholder of the world, arose.
12122014c prajAvinayarakSArthanM dharmasyAtmA sanAtanaH The soul of righteousness, it is eternal, and was created for maintaining the due government of all creatures.
12122015a brahmA yiyakSur bhagavAn sarvalokapitAmahaH It hath been heard by us that once upon a time, the Grandsire of all the worlds, viz., that wanted to perform a sacrifice,
12122015c RtvijanM nAtmanA tulyanM dadarzeti hi nazH zrutam failed to find a priest possessed of qualifications like himself.
12122016a sa garbhaM zirasA devo varSapUgAn adhArayat For this reason he conceived in his brain and held the foetus there for many long years.
12122016c pUrNe varSasahasre tu sa garbhaH kSuvato 'patat After a thousand years had passed away, the great god sneezed. In that act, the foetus fell from his head.
12122017a sa kSupo nAma samMbhUtaH prajApatir ariMdama The divine being, O chastiser of foes, that thus took birth from brahma was called by the name of Kshupa.
12122017c Rtvig AsIt tadA rAjan yajJe tasya mahAtmanaH Possessed of great powers, he became a lord of creatures. That Kshupa became the priest, O king, in the sacrifice of the high-souled Grandsire.
12122018a tasmin pravRtte satre tu brahmaNaH pArthivarSabha Upon the commencement of that sacrifice of brahma, O best of kings,
12122018c hRSTarUpapracAratvAd daNDasH so 'ntarhito 'bhavat Chastisement disappeared in consequence of the visible form that the Grandsire was then obliged to assume.
12122019a tasminn antarhite cAtha prajAnAM saGMkaro 'bhavat 1 Chastisement having disappeared, a great confusion set in among all creatures.
12122019c naiva kAryanM na cAkAryamM bhojyAbhojyanM na vidyate There was no longer any distinction between what should be done and what should not. All distinction, again, between clean and unclean food ceased.
12122020a peyApeyaGM kutasH siddhir hiMsanti ca parasparam Men ceased to distinguish between what drink was allowable and what drink was otherwise. All creatures began to injure one another.
12122020c gamyAgamyanM tadA nAsIt parasvaM svaJM ca vai samam
12122021a parasparaM vilumpante sArameyA ivAmiSam There were no restraints in the matter of the union of the sexes. All idea of property ceased. All creatures began to rob, and snatching meat from one another.
12122021c abalamM balino jaghnur nirmaryAdam avartata The strong began to slay the weak. Nobody cherished the slightest consideration for his neighbour.
12122022a tataH pitAmaho viSNuM bhagavantaM sanAtanam The Grandsire then worshipped the divine and eternal viSNu
12122022c samMpUjya varadanM devamM mahAdevam athAbravIt and addressed that great boon-giving god, saying,
12122023a atra sAdhv anukampAM vai kartum arhasi kevalam
12122023c saGMkaro na bhaved atra yathA vai tad vidhIyatAm
12122024a tatasH sa bhagavAn dhyAtvA ciraM zUlajaTAdharaH 'It behoveth thee, O kezava, to show mercy on the present occasion.
12122024c AtmAnam AtmanA daNDam asRjad devasattamaH Let it be so ordained by thee that the confusion that has occurred may disappear.'
12122025a tasmAc ca dharmacaraNAnM nItinM devIM sarasvatIm
12122025c asRjad daNDanItisH sA triSu lokeSu vizrutA Thus addressed, that foremost of deities, armed with an enormous Sula, 2 having reflected long, created his ownself into the form of Chastisement. From that form, having Righteousness for its legs, the goddess Saraswati created Danda-niti (Science of Chastisement) which very soon became celebrated over the world.
12122026a bhUyasH sa bhagavAn dhyAtvA ciraM zUlavarAyudhaH After this the great god armed with the enormous Sula, having again reflected for some time,
12122026c tasya tasya nikAyasya cakAraikaikam Izaram appointed a few among the gods as the lords or rulers of their respective classes.
12122027c yamaM vaivasvataJM cApi pitRRNAm akarot patim It was then that he made the divine indra of a thousand eyes the ruler of the deities. yama the son of Vivaswat was made the lord of the pitRs.
12122028a dhanAnAM rakSasAJM cApi kuberam api cezvaram
12122028c parvatAnAmM patimM meruM saritAJM ca mahodadhim Kuvera was made the lord of treasures and of all the rAkSasas. Meru was made the king of the mountains, and Ocean was made the lord of the rivers.
12122029a apAM rAjye surANAJM ca vidadhe varuNamM prabhum The puissant Varuna was installed into the sovereignty of the waters and the asuras.
12122029c mRtyumM prANezvaram atho tejasAJM ca hutAzanam Death was made the lord of life and all living things, and Fire was appointed as the lord of all things possessed of energy.
12122030a rudrANAm api cezAnaGM goptAraM vidadhe prabhuH
12122030c mahAtmAnamM mahAdevaM vizAlAkSaM sanAtanam The puissant Isana the high-souled and eternal Mahadeva, of three eyes, was made the lord of the rudras.
12122031a vasiSTham IzaM viprANAM vasUnAJM jAtavedasam Vasishtha was made the lord of the brAhmaNas, and Jatavedas was made the chief of the vasus.
12122031c tejasAmM bhAskaraJM cakre nakSatrANAnM nizAkaram sUrya was made the lord of all luminous bodies, and Chandramas was made the king of Stars and constellations.
12122032a vIrudhAm aMzumantaJM ca bhUtAnAJM ca prabhuM varam Ansumat was made the lord of all herbs, and the puissant and foremost of deities,
12122032c kumAranM dvAdazabhujaM skandaM rAjAnam Adizat viz., Kumara or Skanda, of twelve arms, was made the chief of all the spirits and ghostly beings (that wait upon Mahadeva).
12122033a kAlaM sarvezam akarot saMhAravinayAtmakam Time, possessing the seeds of both destruction and growth, was made the sovereign of all creatures
12122033c mRtyoz caturvibhAgasya duHkhasya ca sukhasya ca as also of the four portions of Death (viz., weapons, diseases, yama, and acts) and lastly of grief and joy.
12122034a IzvarasH sarvadehas tu rAjarAjo dhanAdhipaH
12122034c sarveSAm eva rudrANAM zUlapANir iti zrutiH The Srutis declare that the supreme god Mahadeva, that lord of lords, O king, armed with Sula, is the chief of the rudras.
12122035a tam ekamM brahmaNaH putram anujAtaM kSupaM dadau
12122035c prajAnAm adhipaM zreSThaM sarvadharmabhRtAm api The rod of chastisement was given to brAhmaNa's son of subsequent birth, viz., Kshupa, that lord of all creatures and the foremost one of all virtuous persons.
12122036a mahAdevas tatas tasmin vRtte yajJe yathAvidhi Upon the completion of that sacrifice according to due rites, Mahadeva, after doing proper reverence
12122036c daNDanM dharmasya goptAraM viSNave satkRtanM dadau made over Chastisement, that protector of Righteousness, unto viSNu.
12122037a viSNur aGgirase prAdAd aGgirA munisattamaH 1 viSNu gave it to Angiras; and Angiras, that foremost of ascetics,
12122037c prAdAd indramarIcibhyAmM marIcir bhRgave dadau made it over to indra and Marichi. Marichi gave it to Bhrigu.
12122038a bhRgur dadAv RSibhyas tu tanM daNDanM dharmasaMhitam Bhrigu gave that rod intended for the protection of righteousness, unto all the RSis.
12122038c RSayo lokapAlebhyo lokapAlAH kSupAya ca The RSis gave it unto the Regents of the world, and the Regents made it over again to Kshupa.
12122039a kSupas tu manave prAdAd AdityatanayAya ca Kshupa then made it over to Manu the son of sUrya.
12122039c putrebhyazH zrAddhadevas tu sUkSmadharmArthakAraNAt The deity of Sraddhas (viz., Manu), gave it unto his sons for the sake of true righteousness and wealth.
12122039e tanM dadau sUryaputras tu manur vai rakSaNAtmakam
12122040a vibhajya daNDaH kartavyo dharmeNa na yadRcchayA Chastisement should be inflicted with discrimination, guided by righteousness and not by caprice.
12122040c durvAcA nigraho bandho hiraNyamM bAhyataHkriyA It is intended for restraining the wicked. Fines and forfeitures are intended for striking alarm, and not for filling the king's treasury.
12122041a vyaGgatvaJM ca zarIrasya vadho vA nAlpakAraNAt The maiming of one's body or the infliction of death should not proceed from trivial causes.
12122041c zarIrapIDAs tAs tAs tu dehatyAgo vivAsanam The infliction of physical pain by diverse means, hurling from tops of mountains, and banishment also, should not proceed from similar causes. sUrya's son Manu gave the rod of chastisement (to his sons) for the protection of the world.
12122042a AnupUrvyA ca daNDo 'sau prajA jAgarti pAlayan Chastisement, in the hands of successive holders, remains awake, protecting all creatures.
12122043a agner jAgarti varuNo varuNAc ca prajApatiH
12122043c prajApates tato dharmo jAgarti vinayAtmakaH At the top of the scale, the divine indra is awake (with the rod of chastisement); after him, agni of blazing flames; after him, Varuna; after Varuna, Prajapati; after Prajapati, Righteousness whose essence consists of restraint,
12122044a dharmAc ca brahmaNaH putro vyavasAyaH sanAtanaH 2 after Righteousness the son of brahma, viz., the eternal Law;
12122044c vyavasAyAt tatas tejo jAgarti paripAlayan after Law, Energy is awake, employed in the act of protection;
12122045a oSadhyas tejasas tasmAd oSadhibhyaz ca parvatAH after Energy, the herbs (offered in sacrifices for supporting the gods and used as food and medicines); after the herbs, the mountains;
12122045c parvatebhyaz ca jAgarti raso rasaguNAt tathA after the mountains, all kinds of juices and their attributes;
12122046a jAgarti nirRtir devI jyotIMSi nirRter api after these, the goddess nirRti; after her, the planets and the luminous bodies in heaven;
12122046c vedAH pratiSThA jyotirbhyas tato hayazirAH prabhuH after these, the Vedas; after the Vedas, the puissant form of viSNu with equine head;
12122047a brahmA pitAmahas tasmAj jAgarti prabhur avyayaH after him, the almighty and eternal Grandsire, viz., brahma;
12122047c pitAmahAn mahAdevo jAgarti bhagavAJ zivaH after the Grandsire, the divine and blessed Mahadeva;
12122048a vizvedevAzH zivAc cApi vizvebhyaz ca tatha rSayaH after Mahadeva, the vizvedevas; after them, the great RSis;
12122048c RSibhyo bhagavAn somasH somAd devAsH sanAtanAH after the RSis the divine Soma; after Soma, the deities who are all eternal;
12122049a devebhyo brAhmaNA loke jAgratIty upadhAraya after the deities, know that the brAhmaNas are awake.
12122049c brAhmaNebhyaz ca rAjanyA lokAn rakSanti dharmataH After the brAhmaNas, the kSatriyas are righteously protecting all creatures.
12122049e sthAvaraJM jaGgamaJM caiva kSatriyebhyasH sanAtanam The eternal universe, consisting of mobile and immobile creatures, is kept awake by the kSatriyas.
12122050a prajA jAgrati loke 'smin daNDo jAgarti tAsu ca Creatures are kept awake in this world, and Chastisement is awake among them.
12122050c sarvasaGMkSepako daNDaH pitAmahasamaH prabhuH Possessed of splendour resembling that of the Grandsire himself, Chastisement keeps together and upholds everything.
12122051a jAgarti kAlaH pUrvaM ca madhye cAnte ca bhArata 3 Time, O bharata, is always awake, in the beginning, the middle, and the end.
12122051c IzvarasH sarvalokasya mahAdevaH prajApatiH The master of all the worlds, the lord of all creatures, the puissant and blessed Mahadeva,
12122052a devadevazH zivazH zarvo jAgarti satatamM prabhuH the god of gods, is always awake.
12122052c kapardI zaGMkaro rudro bhavasH sthANur umApatiH He is called by these names also, viz., Kapardin, Sankara, rudra, Bhava, Sthanu and husband of Uma.
12122053a ity eSa daNDo vikhyAta Adau madhye tathAvare Thus Chastisement also keeps awake in the beginning, the middle, and the end.
12122053c bhUmipAlo yathAnyAyaM vartetAnena dharmavit A virtuous king should rule properly, guided by Chastisement.'
12122054 bhISma uvAca 'bhISma continued,
12122054a itIdaM vasuhomasya zRNuyAd yo matanM naraH 'That person who listens to this teaching of Vasuhoma,
12122054c zrutvA ca samyag varteta sa kAmAn ApnuyAn nRpaH and having listened to it conducts himself according to its tenure, is sure to obtain the fruition of all his wishes.
12122055a iti te sarvam AkhyAtaM yo daNDo manujarSabha I have now, O bull among men, told thee everything as to who Chastisement is,
12122055c niyantA sarvalokasya dharmAkrAntasya bhArata that restrainer of the universe which is governed by righteousness.''
