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tatpuruSas samAnAdhikaraNaH karmadhArayaH

तत्पुरुषः समानाधिकरणः कर्मधारयः ONPANINI 12042

A /tatpuruSa whose two members have the same referent (mean the same thing) as the whole compound is called a /karmadhAraya.

Some English examples first.

* A girl-friend means a kind of friend. So it is a /tatpuruSa. And it is also a /karmadhAraya, because the friend is also a girl.

* A door-stop is a kind of stop. So "door-stop" is a /tatpuruSa. However, it is not a /karmadhAraya, because a doorstop is not a door.

* In the word "barefoot" of the phrase "barefoot monk", both members "bare" and "foot" describe the same feet. However the whole compound describes a monk, not any foot, so it is not a /tatpuruSa and therefore not a /karmadhAraya. BTW, it is a /bahuvrIhi.

Now some Sanskrit examples.

* a !**kRSNazakuni- कृष्णशकुनिॱ "crow" is both kRSNa- कृष्णॱ "black" and zakuni- शकुनिॱ "a bird", so it is a /tatpuruSa and a /karmadhAraya.

Note that even though kRSNazakuniH कृष्णशकुनिः, kRSNaH कृष्णः and zakuniH शकुनिः describe the same thing, yet kRSNazakuniH कृष्णशकुनिः "crow" has not the exact same meaning as kRSnaz zakuniH कृष्नः शकुनिः "black bird". Actually some rule (!! ) allows this compound to be used as a tag (name of a specific kind of bird), but not to mean "black bird".