deriv SD cv (484) ashtadhyayi.com hei.de L 484 ETT STT a 1.4.12 ALPH OLDHOMEPAGE NEWHOMEPAGE

dIrghaJ ca दीर्घं च ONPANINI 14012

All longs are heavy.

As for instance, U ऊ is always heavy. It doesn't matter if it is before a cluster —

pUrNam पूर्णम्

or not —

pUtam पूतम्

I remember these /guru and /laghu words from my course on sanskrit poetry. In verses certain syllables have to be light. What does poetry have to do with grammar?

Suppose you want to form IkS ईक्ष् + /liT /ta "he saw". The I ई is a heavy vowel by this rule. This heaviness triggers ijAdezcag..., which makes **IkSAJcakre ईक्षाञ्चक्रे, debarring the i इ + IkS ईक्ष् + /ez that we'd get if that I ई were not called heavy.

I don't understand the originals of these three sutras.

Translating the three word for word —

<< hrasvaMlaghu Short is light
< saMyogeguru before cluster is heavy
this rule long too.

According to the rules of inheritance, those must mean —

Short is light
short before cluster is heavy
long is heavy.

NEXPAGE

kumbhaH कुम्भः ← the u उ is heavy by < saMyogeguru

So, a heavy vowel is either a short followed by a cluster, or a long followed by anything.

Summarizing sUtras << hrasvaMlaghu, < saMyogeguru and dIrghaJca दीर्घञ्च we get —

short not followed by cluster — light by << hrasvaMlaghu

short followed by cluster — heavy by < saMyogeguru

long followed by cluster — heavy by this rule

long not followed by cluster — heavy by this rule