deriv SD cv (485) ashtadhyayi.com hei.de L 485 ETT STT a 7.3.86 ALPH OLDHOMEPAGE NEWHOMEPAGE

pug-anta;laghUpadhasya ca

पुगन्तॱलघूपधस्य च ONPANINI 73086

Before hard and soft, replace with /guNa the next-to-last /ik of a /puganta, and any short /ik next-to-last.

When some sUtra says "replace a root with /guNa", usually this affects only /ik-enders, like smR स्मृ (smarati स्मरति) and nI नी ( **nayati नयति). Only the last letter is replaced, by alontyasya ff , and only if it s an /ik, by ikoguNavRddhI.

This sUtra teaches the replacement of some next-to-last /ik vowels. They must be light, which means that only i इ u उ R ऋ L ऌ are affected, not I ई U ऊ RR ॠ.

This happens before many affixes, as for instance —

hard /zap

sidh सिध् + /zap + /tip → !**sedhati सेधति "goes"

vRt वृत् + /zap + /te''' → **vartate वर्तते

soft /tip

sidh सिध् + /liT /tip → siSidh सिषिध् + /Nal → siSedha सिषेध "went"

hard /tip

dviS द्विष् + /laT /tip → **dveSTi द्वेष्टि "he hates"

soft /tRc

chid छिद् + /tRc → !**chettR- छेत्तृॱ "cutter"

soft /tumun

kSip क्षिप् + /tumun → !**kSeptum क्षेप्तुम् "to throw"

However, if the affix is hard and /apit, rule sArvadhAtuk... will make it /Git, and then rule kGitica will debar this rule —

dviS द्विष् + /laT /mas → !**dviSmas द्विष्मस् "we hate"

Why do we say light?

A long next-to-last is unaffected —

jIv जीव् + /laT /tip → jIv जीव् + /zap + /tip → !**jIvati जीवति "lives"

sev सेव् + /laT /ta → sev सेव् + /zap + /te''' → !**sevate सेवते "serves"

But the nexttolast of /puganta roots is affected even when long —

**knopayati क्नोपयति "wettens"

!**vlepayati व्लेपयति "makes someone crash"

Why did you translate the /laghu word as "short"?

Because the sUtra applies to all short vowels, even when the affix begins with a consonant, making them heavy.

kSip क्षिप् + /tumun → kSiptum क्षिप्तुम् → **kSeptum क्षेप्तुम्

The wording hrasvopadhasyaca ह्रस्वोपधस्यच would have worked fine, so I guess laghu लघु is used just to save a /mAtrA.