deriv SD cv ashtadhyayi.com hei.de LSK ETT STT a 3.1.11 ALPH OLDHOMEPAGE NEWHOMEPAGE

kartuH kyaG sa-lopaz ca

कर्तुः क्यङ्सॱलोपश्च ONPANINI 31011

Add /kyaG to mean "behaves like", and erase s स्.

This /kyaG /taddhita forms denominative verbs with several meanings ("behaves like" by this rule, "feels" by sukhAdibhyaHk... 7>, etc). It is /Git, which makes the verbs /Atmanepada, by anudAttaG....

So from zyenA- श्येनाॱ f "hawk" —

zyenA श्येना + iva इव + Acarati kAkaH आचरति काकः "the crow behaves like a hawk"
zyenA श्येना + /kyaG + /laT + /ta + kAkaH काकः by this rule
→ zyenAyate kAkaH श्येनायते काकः "the crow behaves like a hawk"

If the nounbase ends in a short vowel, like zyena- श्येनॱ m , it lengthens —

zyena- श्येनॱ + /kyaG + /laT
→ zyenA- श्येनाॱ + /kyaG + /laT, by akRtsArvadh...
→ zyenAyate श्येनायते "behaves like a hawk"

Why do we say "and erase s स्"?

The final s स् of the nounbase is deleted —

apsaras- अप्सरस् + /kyaG + /laT → apsarAyate अप्सरायते "she behaves like an apsaras अप्सरस्", "she is being a tease"

candravasu says that this loss of s स् is optional in payas पयस् —

payasyate पयस्यते OR payAyate पयायते "it behaves like milk", "it turns milky"

The word sa स in the sUtra means s स् at end of nounbase, not sa स, so haMsa हंस keeps its sa स —

haMsAyante nartakyaH हंसायन्ते नर्तक्यः "the danseuses move like swans"