deriv SD cv (468) ashtadhyayi.com hei.de L 468 ETT STT a 3.2.110 ALPH OLDHOMEPAGE NEWHOMEPAGE

luG लुङ् ONPANINI 32110

/luG (means past time).

The /luG tense is also called aorist.

gA गा "go" + /luG /tip → **agAt अगात् "I went"

kR कृ "do" + /luG /tip → **akArSIt अकार्षीत् "I did"

zru श्रु "hear" + /luG /mip → **azrauSam अश्रौषम् "I heard"

It shows past time by bhUte.

The /luG is seldom used nowadays. Yet you'll find it in the old books. It is usually easy to spot because of the s स् or S ष् (aka /sic); only the /luG forms (and the hyper-rare bent soft liG) make verbs with such an s स् after the root. An example —

saMvAdam imam azrauSam adbhutaM roma-harSaNam संवादमिममश्रौषमद्भुतं रोमॱहर्षणम् BHG 18:74

Do /luG forms differ in meaning from the other past tenses?

In practice, they don't. For "I heard the conversation" you may say indifferently —

saMvAdaM संवादं **azrauSam अश्रौषम् with /luG
saMvAdaM संवादं **zuzrAva शुश्राव with /liT
saMvAdaM संवादं **azRNavam अशृणवम् with /laG
saMvAdo mayA zrutaH संवादो मया श्रुतः with /kta
saMvAdaM zrutavAn asmi संवादं श्रुतवानस्मि with /ktavatu

regardless of how long ago that happened.

However, according to the grammarians —

(1) you should preferably use the /luG when talking about what happened today (see !! ), and

(2) to express a prohibition, you should use an /aT-less /luG, with /mAG (see !! ).

This advice may be safely ignored, saving you long hours of study of /luG verb forms. Use hyderabad morphological analyzer if you ever meet a really spiky one.