@causative

The word "to cause" means "make something happen" or "make someone do something".

Page English examples of causative expressions shows how English makes causative meanings in several ways.

In Sanskrit most common way of saying "make something happen" is adding the affix /Ni to a root meaning "X happens" to make a derivative root meanign "Y makes X happen". Examples, Normal rotos with no /Nic —

vRt वृत् root + /laT /ta → vartate वर्तते "it turns"

hR हृ → AharAmi आहरामि "i put (a hat) on"

dRz दृश् + /tip → **pazyati पश्यति "he sees"

When we add /Nic after vRt वृत् hR हृ dRz दृश्, we get the causative roots **varti वर्ति hAri हारि darzi दर्शि, that are used like this —

**varti वर्ति root + /laT /mip
→ !**vartayAmi वर्तयामि "i make it turn", "i turn it"

**hAri हारि
→ !**AhArayAmi आहारयामि "i make him put (a hat) on", "I put a hat on him"

**darzi दर्शि + /mip
→ !**darzayAmi दर्शयामि "I make him see", "I show him"

These roots are formed like this —

pac पच् + /Ni → **pAci पाचि

kR कृ + /Ni → !**kAri कारि

hR हृ + /Ni → !**hAri हारि

vRt वृत् + /Ni → !**varti वर्ति

dRz दृश् + /Ni → !**darzi दर्शि

these roots are get /zap, regardless of the verb class of the original root.

Most roots can take /Ni in this sense of "making to".

Some cannot, like the /curAdi. cur चुर् must take /Nic with no change of meaning —

**corayati चोरयति "steals"

Some roots take /Ni with other senses, or with no sense at all,like kam कम् —

kam कम् + /Ni → !**kAmayati कामयति "loves"