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tatropapadaM saptamI-stham

तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीॱस्थम् ONPANINI 31092

The word meant by the seventh-ending word of the following sUtras is the /upapada (auxiliary word, dependent word, subordinate word).

In informal terms: the /upapada or subordinate is the part of a compound that is not the "main" part. As for instance the main part of whitebird is bird, and the subordinate is white. In a /bahuvrIhi like "barefoot", both "bare" and "feet" are subordinates, and the "main" would be the shoeless dude, or dudette.

Example. In the sUtra karmaNyaN "/aN'' meaning object", the word /karma "object" has seventh ending. This means that we may compound (a word made from root dah दह् plus /aN'') together with (the object of that root dah दह्), and that the object will be the /upapada. So we get —

aGgAran dahati अङ्गारं दहति "he / she / it burns coal"
→ aGgAra- अङ्गारॱ n "coal" + (dah दह् + /aN'' + /su)
→ aGgAra- अङ्गारॱ n "coal" + dAhaH दाहः
→ aGgAradAhaH अङ्गारदाहः "coal-burner"

where the word aGgAram अङ्गारम् is the /upapada (subordinate word), and dAhas दाहस् is the main word. Similarly, in

**kumbham कुम्भम् + karoti करोति
→ kumbham कुम्भम् + (kR कृ + /aN'' + /su)
→ kumbhakAraH कुम्भकारः "pot-maker", "potter"

the former half kumbham कुम्भम् is the dependent.

By rule upapadamatiG, an /upapada forms a compulsory compound — saying EW*kumbhasya kAraH कुम्भस्य कारः or EW*kumbhaG kAraH कुम्भं कारः is ungrammatical.