deriv SD cv (821) ashtadhyayi.com hei.de L 821 ETT STT a 3.1.96 ALPH OLDHOMEPAGE NEWHOMEPAGE

tavyat;tavyAnIyaraH

तव्यत्तव्यानीयरः ONPANINI 31096

All roots can take /tavyat, /tavya, /anIyar and /kelimar.

These are /kRtya affixes. The t or r at the end is for accent.

/kRtya-enders are fakeverbs — they usually work as if they were the main verb of the sentence, even though they are nouns.

kR कृ + /tavyat
→ !**kartavya- कर्तव्यॱ "it has to be done / made"

tatra kiJ cit kartavyam तत्र किं चित्कर्तव्यम् "something should be done about it"

kaTaH kartavyaH कटः कर्तव्यः "a mat should be made"

If the doer is expressed, kartRkaraN... applies —

tena tatra kiJ cit kartavyam तेन तत्र किं चित्कर्तव्यम् "he should do something about it"

tena kaTaH kartavyaH तेन कटः कर्तव्यः "he should make a mat"

The /kRtya never show the doer. The examples above have transitive roots and show the object. With objectless roots they show nothing —

Asitavyam आसितव्यम् "sitting should happen"

bhAnIyam भानीयम् "something should shine"

Of course we can add the doer —

Asitavyam bhavatA आसितव्यं भवता "you should sit"

tvayA bhAnIyam त्वया भानीयम् "you should shine"

Must the /kRtya always be used predicatively, as main words of a sentence?

Usually they are, but sometimes they are used attributively. So in the /mahAbhArata we hear —

01203009a tataH pitAmahaH zrutvA sarveSAM tad vacas tadA
01203009c muhUrtam iva saMcintya kartavyasya vinizcayam

where the kartavyasya कर्तव्यस्य means "of what should be done".

/kelimar is not mentioned in the sUtra, where did you pull it out of?

Out of a /vArttika, kelimara::... (822).