55: formation of tense affixes

Formation of flat hard liG.mmmmmmmmm ^ C- 1098

The nine flat hard liG , namely --

yAt''' yAtAm''' yus'''

yAs''' yAtam''' yAta'''

yAm''' yAva''' yAma'''

were built by these rules --

jhi turned into (j)us by jherjus.

Then the same rules that worked in the laG replacements worked on the other eight.

Then all nine got yA in front because of yAsuTpa and liGassa.

The yA in front of (j)us lost its A by usya.

But that works only if the affixes are not after a. If they are, see formation of the flat hard liG after a .

Back to flat hard liG .

formation of the flat hard liG after ammmmmmmmm ^ C- 1099

When the hard liG tense follows an a, and is replaced with a flat affix, the a combines with the flat affix and we get a verb that ends in --

et''' etAm''' eyus'''

es''' etam''' eta'''

eyam''' eva''' ema'''

These are formed by the same rules mentioned in Formation of flat hard liG , with one difference -- instead of adding yA in front, we added Iy in front, by atoyeyaH.

The y of Iy stays before (j)us and before am''' --

@hard liG → jhi →jherjus jus →atoyeyaH Iyus

@hard liG → mip → am''' →atoyeyaH Iyam

and is lost by lopovyo before the other seven affixes.

The a at the end of the root always combines with the I of the affix into e --

bhU + @hard liG tip → bhU + zap + tip →hardsoft bho + zap + tip →ecoya bhava + tip → bhava + t''' →atoyeyaH bhava + Iyt →AdguNaH bhavet "he would be"

bent hard liG rules.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 1101

These are the rules that make the nine bent hard liG replacements --

Start with the nine taG.

Turn jha into ran, iT' into a' ( jhasyaran, iTot).

Add Iy in front (rule liGassIyuT adds sIyuT, liGassa deletes the s).

Apply lopovyo if need be.

bent soft liG rules.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 1103

Don't forget that the bent soft liG is rarer than green dogs. You don't need to know any of this, I explain it just in case you are curious.

When the bent affixes replace soft liG, these rules might work on them --

jhasyaran -- jha to ran

iTot -- iT' to a

liGassIyuT -- add sIy in front

lopovyo -- delete y before val

suTtithoH -- add s before t th

kric -- s to S after I

STunA

So, the nine bent affixes suffer these changes --

@soft liG → ta → sIyta → sIta → sIsta → sISta → sISTa''' "may he"

AtAm → sIyAtAm → sIyAstAm''' "may both"

jha → ran → sIyran → sIran''' "may they"

thAs → sIythAs → sIthAs → sIsthAs → sISthAs → sISThAs''' "may thou"

AthAm → sIyAthAm → sIyAsthAm''' "may the two of you"

dhvam → sIydhvam → sIdhvam''' "may y'all"

(This sIddhvam sometimes turns into SIdhvam or SIDhvam because of iNaSSIdhvaM and vibhASeTaH)

iT' → a' → sIya''' "may I"

vahi → sIyvahi → sIvahi''' "may the two of us"

mahi → sIymahi → sImahi''' "may we"

These affixes --

(1) start with s, unlike the other liG, so they may get iT, and when they do, the s gets kric. When they get no iT, the s will still get kric after roots ending in k r ic.

(2) ordinarily cause hardsoft and puganta, because they don't get G label like the hard liG and the flat soft liG do. But when they are after an aniT root that ends in R RR, they get k label by uzca.

Back to bent soft liG .

chunk 55: formation of tense affixes

Formation of flat hard liG.mmmmmmmmm ^ C- 1098

formation of the flat hard liG after ammmmmmmmm ^ C- 1099

hard bent liG rules.mmmmmmmmm ^ 1100

bent hard liG rules.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 1101

soft bent liG rules.mmmmmmmmm ^ 1102

bent soft liG rules.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 1103

chunk 55: formation of tense affixes