→ 84040 stozz, STunA, doublings
83055 Replace non-wordfinal with curledback.
83056 Replace the
83057 after
83058 even if one of
83059 when a Sa-root or an affix is involved.
83060 of
83061
83063 The next rules down to
83065
83068 after
83070 Some roots get
83072
83078 After
83079 Optionally before
83084
83095 After
83110
84001 After
84002 Even if
84003 After former in a tag , but not after
84011 nounbase-final,
84012 But compulsorily
84014
84037 replace wordfinal.
headline, valid down to 84001 raSA, exclusive. The following rules all replace non wordfinal
For instance, a rule below, the kric rule, says --
But because of this headline, and of the most-alike rule, that kric rule means --
"replace
This rule can be roughly reworded into --
" When the
That happens when the
Otherwise this rule does not work, and the
If you find
The word
KAZIKA saher dhAtoH sADrUpasya yaH sakAraH tasya mUrdhanyaH Adezo bhavati. jalASAT. turASAT. pRtanASAT. saheH iti kim? saha Dena vartate saDaH, tasya apatyaM sAdiH. sADgrahaNaM kim? yatrAsya etad rUpaM tatra yathA syAt, iha mA bhUt jalAsAham. turAsAham. saH iti kim? AkArasya mA bhUt.
You say that this
vedic rule 32063 chandasisahaH, that roughly means " latter
Okay. What changed the
First hoDhaH made
What does
"among
If the rule that turns
Not at all.
Can you cite other authorities than
inria declension says that tour
The
Nicknamed kric rule or Satvam rule. It means --
" Replace the non- wordfinal
Examples after
after
after ic --
See also Satvam.
KAZIKA iNkoH ityetadadhikRtaM veditavyam. ita uttaraM yad vakSyAmaH, iNaH kavargAc ca ityevaM tad veditavyam. vakSyati Adeza;pratyayayoH 83059. siSeva. suSvApa. agniSu. vAyuSu. kartRSu. hartRSu. gIrSu. dhUrSu. vAkSu. tvakSu. iNkoH iti kim? dAsyati. asau.
Addition to kric rule.
Example with num in between --
See the kAzikA for more examples.
KAZIKA nuM-vyavAye 'pi visarjanIya-vyavAye 'pi zar-vyavAye 'pi uttarasya sa-kArasya mUrdhany'-Adezo bhavati. vyavAya-zabdaH praty-ekam abhisambadhyate. nuM-vyavAye tAvat sarpiMSi. yajUMSi. havIMSi. visarjanIya-vyavAye sarpiHSu. yajuHSu. haviHSu. zar-vyavAye sarpiSSu. yajuSSu. haviSSu. num-AdibhiH praty-ekaM vyavAye. Satvam iSyate, na samastaiH. teneha na bhavati, niMsse, niMssvaH iti. Nisi cumbane ity etasya etad rUpam. atra hi numA, sakAreNa zarA ca vyavadhAnam.
Why does the rule say " num"? I'd guess the rule would have worked the same way if it said anusvAra instead of num. Is the
It would have worked the same way in the example above. Yet, see note at the bottom of puMsosuG.
There is a big difference between Natvam and Satvam. The Natvam rules will work on everything, yet the Satvam rules will only work (A) when adding affixes, and (B) when Sa-roots come after preverbs. This is why words like
Examples with the sa-root sad after a kric letter --
ni +
Example with
Example with
Counterexample. There is no change when the
See also exception zAsivasi right below.
KAZIKA mUrdhanyaH iti vartate, sa iti ca. AdezapratyayayoH iti SaSThI bhedena sambadhyate. Adezo yaH sakAraH, pratyayasya ca yaH sakAraH iNkoruttaraH tasya mUrdhanyo bhavati AdezaH. Adezasya tAvat siSeva. suSvApa. pratyayasya agniSu. vAyuSu. kartRSu. hartRSu. indro mA vakSat, sa devAn yakSatiti vyapadezivadbhAvAt pratyayasya iti SatvaM bhavati. yajater vahatezca paJcamalakAre parasmaipadaprathamaikavacane ikAralopaH, leTo 'DaTau ( 3-4-94 ) iti aT, sibbahulaM leTi ( 3-1-34 ) iti sip, tataH siddhaM yakSat, vakSatiti.
Those three
Example with
With vas when vacisvapi replaces
And with ghas when gamahana erases the
ghas + liT jhi →
See the kAzikA for more examples.
Why do we say "after kric"?
Otherwise, we get
KAZIKA zAsi vasi ghasi ity eteSAM ca iNkoH uttarasya sakArasya mUrdhanyo bhavati. anvaziSat, anvaziSatAm, anvaziSan. ziSTaH. ziSTavAn. vasi uSitaH. uSitavAn. uSitvA. ghasi jakSatuH. jakSuH. ghasibhasorhali ca 64100 iti upadhAlopaH. akSan pitaro 'mImadanta pitaraH. anAdez%ArthaM vacanam. ghasir yadyapyAdezaH, sakAras tv Adezo na bhavati. iNkoH ityeva, zAsti. vasati. jaghAsa.
Often, the
sic' + Nal
This rule is an exception to that: if the Sa-root is before san, and the san becomes
sic' +
This exception does not work if the san does not get kric --
sthA + san →
Or if the root is stu --
stu + san →
Or if the root has Ni at the end, like
Please see also about
KAZIKA stauteH NyantAnAM ca SabhUte sani parataH abhyAsAtiNaH uttarasya AdezasakArasya mUrdhanyAdezo bhavati. tuSTUSati. NyantAnAm siSevayiSati. siSaJjayiSati. suSvApayiSati. siddhe satyArambho niyamArthaH, stautiNyoH eva SaNi abhyAsAd yathA syAt, anyasya mA bhUt. sisikSati. susUSati. evakArakaraNamiStato 'vadhAraNArtham. stautiNyoH SaNi eva iti hi vijJAyamAne tuSTAva ity atra na syAt, iha ca syAdeva sisikSati iti. SaNi iti kim? anyatra niyamo mA bhUt, siSeca. ko vinate 'nurodhaH? avinate niyamo mA bhUt, suSupsati. tiSThAsati. kaH sAnubandhe 'nurodhaH? SazabdamAtre niyamo mA bhUt, suSupiSa indram. abhyAsAtiti kim? abhyAsAt yA prAptiH tasyA niyamo yathA syAt, dhAtoH yA prAptis tasyA niyamo mA bhUt, pratISiSati. adhISiSati.
Example.
Rule 83065 below says that sic' becomes
abhi + sic' + laT
But, because of this rule, that change will still happen when luGlaG slips an aT in between --
abhi + sic' + laG
KAZIKA sevasita 83070 iti vakSyati. prAk sitasaMzabdanAd yAnita Urdhvam anukramiSyAmaH tatra aD-vyavAye 'pi mUrdhanyo bhavati ity evaM tad veditavyam, api zabdAd anaDvyavAye 'pi. vakSyati upasargAt sunotisuvati iti Satvam. abhiSuNoti. pariSuNoti. vaSuNoti. niSuNoti. abhyaSuNoti. paryaSuNot. vyaSuNot. nyaSuNot.
(sunotisuvatisyatistaut) (!upasargAt)
Example. The root
Because of prAksi above, the change will still happen when the aT from luGlaG comes in between --
KAZIKA mUrdhanya iti vartate, saH iti ca. upasargasthAn nimittAtuttarasya sunoti suvati syati stauti stobhati sthA senaya sedha sica saJja svaJja ityeteSAM sakArasya mUrdhanyAdezo bhavati. sunoti abhiSuNoti. pariSuNoti. abhyaSuNot. paryaSuNot. suvati abhiSuvati. pariSuvati. abhyaSuvat. paryaSuvat. syati abhiSyati. pariSyati. abhyaSyat. paryaSyat. stauti tabhiSTauti. pariSTauti. abhyaStaut. paryaSTaut. stobhati abhiSTobhate. pariStobhate. abhyaSTobhata. paryaSTobhata. sthA abhiSThAsyati. pariSThAsyati. abhyaSTAt. paryaSThAt. abhitaSTau. paritaSThau. senaya abhiSeNayati. pariSeNayati. abhyaSeNayat. paryaSeNayat. abhiSiSeNayiSati. pariSiSeNayiSati. sedha abhiSedhati. priSedhati. abhyaSedhat. paryaSedhat. sica abhiSiJcati. pariSiJcati. abhyaSiJcat. paryaSiJcat. abhiSiSikSati. pariSiSikSati. saJja abhiSajati. pariSajati. abhyaSajat. paryaSajat. abhiSiSaGkSati. priraGkSati. svaJja abhiSvajate. pariSvajate. abhyaSvajata. paryaSvajata. abhiSiSvaGkSate. pariSiSvaGkSate. sedha iti zabvikaraNanirdezaH sidhyatinivRttyarthaH. upasargAtiti kim? dadhi siJcati. madhu siJcati. nirgatAH secakA usmasad dezAt niHsecako dezaH iti nAyaM siceH upsargaH. abhisAvakoyati ityatra api na sunotiM prati kiryAyogaH, kiM tarhi? sAvakIyaM prati. abhiSAvayati ityatra tu sunotimeva prati kriyAyogaH, na sAvaryatiM prati iti SatvaM bhavati.
Examples --
As in --
( rule adyazvInA 'vaSTabdhe uses this root to mean nearness in time )
The rule specifies "when meaning support of nearness" so that it will not work when ava +
KAZIKA avazabdAtupasargAtuttarasya stanbheH sakArasya mUrdhanyaH Adezo bhavati, Alambane 'rthe AvidUrye ca. Alambanam AzrayaNam. avidUrasya bhAvaH AvidUryam. Alambane tAvat avaSTabhyAste. avaSTabhya tiSThati. AvidUrye avaSTabdhA senA. avaSTabdhA zarat. AlambanAvidUryayoH iti kim? avastabdho vRSalaH zItena. anigarthaH ArambhaH.
Those roots are
stu "praise"
and the roots that got suT
(like kR, that becomes
Examples --
ni +
ni +
See the kAzikA for more examples.
KAZIKA pari ni vi ityetebhyAH upasargebhyaH uttareSAm seva sita saya sivu saha suT stu svaJja ityeteSAm sakArasya mUrdhanya AdezaH bhavati. pariSevate. niSevate. viSevate. paryaSevata. nyaSevata. vyaSevata. pariSiSeviSate. niSiSeviSate. viSiSeviSate. sita pariSitaH. niSitaH. viSitaH. saya pariSayaH. niSayaH. viSayaH. siv pariSIvyati. niSIvyati. viSIvyati. paryaSIvyat. nyaSIvyat. vyaSIvyat. paryasIvyat. nyasIvyat. vyasIvyat. saha pariSahate. niSahate. viSahate. paryaSahata. nyaSahata. vyaSahata. paryasahata. nyasahata. vyasahata. suT pariSkaroti. paryaSkarot. paryaskarot. stu pariSTauti. niSTauti. viSTauti. paryaSTaut. nyaSTaut. vyaSTaut. paryastaut. nyastaut. vyastaut. svaJja daMzasaJjasvaJjAm iti nalopaH. pariSvajate. niSvajate. viSvajate. paryaSvajata, paryasvajata. pUrveNa eva siddhe stusvaJjigrahaNam uttarArtham, aDvyavAye vibhASA yathA syAt.
Exception to Adezapra, that would ordinarily prevent the change,
For instance, blood is not a living being, and here it is the doer of vi +
But if the doer is a living being, only
KAZIKA anu vi pari abhi ni ityetebhyaH uttarasya syandateH aprANiSu sakArasya vA mUrdhanyAdezo bhavati. anuSyandate. viSyandate. pariSyandate. abhiSyandate tailam. niSyandate. anusyandate. visyandate. parisyandate. abhisyandate. nisyandate. aprANiSu iti kim. anusyandate matsya udake. prANy-aprANi-viSayasya api syandater ayam vikalpo bhavati, anuSyandete matsyodake, anusyandete. aprANiSu iti paryudAso 'yam, na prasajyapratiSedhaH.
What if the subject is a mixture of living and nonliving?
In that case, the kAzikA says, the change is optional --
We must replace with
(1) replaced soft liG and got a sIyuT that turned into
Note: the
(2) replaced luG --
or (3) replaced liT --
(We got no hardsoft here, because of asaMyogAlliTkit.)
See optional exception vibhASeTaH right below.
KAZIKA mUrdhanyaH iti vartate. iN-antAd aGgAd uttareSAM SIdhvaM-luG-liTAM yo dhakAraH tasya mUrdhany-Adezo bhavati. cyoSIDhvam, ploSIDhvam. luG acyoDhvam. aploDhvam. liT cakRDhve. vavRDhve. iNkoH iti vartamAne punar iN-grahaNaM kavarga-nivRtty-artham. pakSIdhvam. yakSIdhvam. SIdhvaM-luG-liTAm iti kim? studhve. astudhvam. aGgAtiti kim? pariveviSIdhvam. arthavadgrahaNAdapi siddham? tat tu nAzritam.
This rule says
My fault. I did a lazy translation. I might have been given you the impression that we have been trickling "with
Why does the original rule say
In a nutshell, that
Exception to iNaSSIdhva above. If the dhvam got iT, the
And we can still say
KAZIKA iNaH parasmAtiTa uttareSAM SIdhvaM-luG-liTAM yo dhakAraH tasya mUrdhanyAdezo bhavati vibhASA. laviSIDhvam, laviSIdhvam. paviSIDhavam, paviSIdhvam. luG alaviDhavam, alavidhvam. liT luluviDhve, luluvidhve. iNaH ityeva, AsiSIdhvam. atha iha kathaM bhavitavyam, upadidIyidhve? kecid AhuH, iN-antAd aGgAd uttarasya iTa AnantaryaM yuTA vyavahitam iti na bhavitavyaM Dhatvena iti. apareSAM darzanam, aGgAtiti nivRttam, iNaH ity anuvartate, tataz ca yakArAd eva inaH paro 'nantaraH iTiti pakSe bhavitavyaM mUrdhanyena iti.
Only examples --
KAZIKA mAtR pitR ityetAbhyAm uttarasya svasRsakArasya samAse mUrdhanyAdezo bhavati. mAtRSvasA. pitRSvasA.
The only examples are the proper names --
and
go- + Gi +
These are aluk compounds.
KAZIKA gavi-yudhibhyAm uttarasya sthirasakArasya mUrdhanyAdezo bavati. gaviSThiraH. yudhiSThiraH. gozabdAd ahalantAd api etasmAd eva nipAtanAt saptamyA alug bhavati.
These compounds are allowed as tags by saMjJAyAm, and
Because this rule says
Examples...
with
with
Wait -- vi and ni are words, so why should kric work after them?
Because
KAZIKA rephaparasya sakArasya sRpi sRji spRzi spRhi savanAdInAM ca mUrdhanyo na bhavati. rapara visraMsikAyAH kANDAbhyAM juhoti. visrabdhaH kathayati. spRpi purA krUrasya visRpaH sRji vAco visarjanAt. spRzi divispRzam. spRhi nispRhaM kathayati. savanAdInAm savane savane. sUte sUte. sAme sAme. savanamukhe savanamukhe. kiM syati kiMsaMkiMsam. anusavanamanusavanam. gosaniM gosanim. azvasanimazvasanim. pUrvapadAd iti prApte pratiSedhaH. azvasanigrahaNam aniNo 'pi Satvam asti iti jJApanArtham. tena jalASAham, azvaSAham ity etat siddhaM bhavati. kvacid evaM gaNapAThaH savane savane. anusavane 'nusavane. saMjJAyAM bRhaspatisavaH. zakunisavanam. some some. sUte sUte. saMvatsare saMvatsare. kiMsaMkiMsam. bisaMbisam. musalaMmusalam. gosanimazvasanim. savanAdiH.
This change of
Example after
Example after
catur- + Am →
Example after
See also rule aTkupvAGnu.
Why doesn't this rule affect
See no
Why do we say "same- word"?
Because
Why did you say "usually", u weasel?
See
The original says "after
Because, by "
How do you know that?
Common sense. The veda always changes
You call that a word???
Yes, and so does
In simpler words --
" rule raSA works even if letters that do not move the tip of the tongue down come in between. "
The letters that do move the tip of the tongue away from curledbackish position are
Example. Here we have Natvam even though
And here
The change will not happen if any of the "stopper" letters, namely
The rule mentions AG, but that appears to be useless, as AG is a word.
That AG in the rule allows this --
pari + AG +
Does the num in the rule mean the augment num?
No, it means M.
KAZIKA aT ku pu AG num ityetair vyavAye 'pi rephaSAkArabhyAm uttarasya nakArasya NakArAdezo bhavati. aDvyavAye tAvat karaNam. haraNam kiriNA. giriNA. kuruNA. guruNA. kavargavyavAye arkeNa. mUrkheNa. gargeNa. argheNa. pavargavyavAye darpeNa. repheNa. garbheNa. carmaNA. varmaNA. AGvyavAye paryANaddham. nirANaddham. aDvyavAye iti siddhe AGgrahaNaM padavyavAye ityasya pratiSedhasya bAdhanArtham. nuMvyavAye bRMhaNam. bRMhaNIyam. nuMgrahaNam anusvAropalakSaNArthaM draSTavyam. tena tRMhaNam, tRMhaNIyam ityatra anusvAravyavAye numabhAve 'pi NatvaM bhavati. satyapi ca numi yatra anusvAro na zrUyate tatra na bhavati, prenvanam, prenvanIyam iti. vyavAyopalakSaNArthatvAdaDAdInAm iha vyastaiH samastair vyavAye 'pi NatvaM bhavati.
Exception to raSA, that only allows Natvam inside the same word. By this exception, in a compound used as a tag, the
Non- tag compounds are unaffected --
And so are the tags whose former ends in
KAZIKA pUrvapada-sthAn nimittAd uttarasya gakAra-varjitAd nakArasya NakAra Adezo bhavati saMjJAyAM viSaye. druNasaH. vArghrINasaH. kharaNasaH. zUrpaNakhA. saMjJAyAm iti kim? carmanAsikaH. agaH iti kim? Rgayanam. kecid etan niyam%ArthaM varNayanti, pUrvapadAt saMjJAyAm eva NatvaM na anyatra iti. samAse 'pi hi samAnapade nimitta-nimittinor bhAvAd asti pUrveNa prAptiH iti sa ca niyamaH pUrvapada-sambadhAd uttarapada-sthasya eva NatvaM nivartayati, carmanAsikaH iti, na taddhita-pUrvapada-sthasya, khAra-pAyaNaH, mAtR-bhonINaH, karNa-priyaH iti. agaH iti yogavibhAgena Natva-pratiSedhaH, na niyamapratiSedhaH iti. apare tu pUrvasUtre samAnam eva yan nityaM padaM tat samAnapadam ity Azrayanti, samAnagrahaNAt. teSAm aprAptam eva Natvam anena nidhIyate. samAse hi pUrva-pad%ottara-vibhAgAd asamAna-padatvam apy asti iti.
Example of nounbase-final
Example of num (from napuMsakasyajhal;acaH) --
Example of vibhakti (the sup-affix TA is a vibhakti, and here it changed into
KAZIKA vA iti vartate. prAtipadikAnte numi vibhaktau ca yo nakAraH tasya pUrva-padasthAnnimittAd uttarasy vA NakAra Adezo bhavati. prAtipadik%Ante tAvat mASavApiNau, mASavApinau. numi mASavApANi, mASavApAni. vrIhivApANi, vrIhivApAni. vibhaktau mASavApeNa, mASavApena. vrIhivApeNa, vrIhivApena. pUrva-padAdhikArAd uttarapadasya prAtipadika-stho yo 'ntyo nakAraH tasya idaM Natvam iSyati. iha hi na bhavati, gargANAM bhaginI gargabhaginI. yadA tv evaM bhavati, gargANAM bhago gargabhagaH, gargabhago 'syA asti iti gargabhagiNI iti, tadA mAtR-bhogINavannityam eva Natvena bhavitavyam. mASavApiNI, mASavApinI ity atra tu gatikArakopapadAnAM kRdbhiH saha samAsa-vacanaM prAkSubutpatteH iti kRd-antena eva samAse sati prAtipadikasya uttarapadasya eva sato nakAro bhavati. tathA ca atra nuM-grahaNam kRtam. sa hi samudAyabhaktatvAd uttarapadasya anto na bhavati. yuvAdInAM pratiSedho vaktavyaH. AryayUnA. kSatriyayUnA. prapakvAni. dIrghAhnI zarad.
The
So, as
Does that work on
No. There alloponaH erases the
KAZIKA ekAj uttarapadaM yasya sa ekAj-uttarapadaH, tasminn ekAjuttarapada-samAse prAtipadikAntanuM vibhaktisu pUrvapadasthAnnimittAd uttarasya nakArasya NakAraH Adezo bhavati. vRtra-haNau. vRtra-haNaH. numi kSIrapANi. surApANi. vibhaktau kSIrapeNa. surApeNa. NaH iti vartamAne punar Na-grahaNaM vikalpAdhikAra-nivRtteH vispaSTIkaraNArtham.
(nofNopadezaroottoNafte) (!upasargAd)
Exception to the
pra +
Counterexample with
pari +
KAZIKA Na upadezo yasyAsau NopadezaH. Nopadezasya dhAtor yo nakAraH tasya upasargasthAn nimittAd uttarasya NakArAdezo bhavaty asamAse 'pi samAse 'pi. praNamati. pariNamati. praNAyakaH. pariNAyakaH. upasargAd iti kim? pragatA nAyakAH asmAd dezAt pranAyako dezaH. asamAse 'pi kim? pUrvapadAdhikArAt samAsa eva syAd iti tad-adhikAranivRttidyotanArtham. Nopadezasya iti kim? pranardati. pranardakaH.
Why didn't you translate the
Because
But I do want to know about that.
Then read the kAzikA, that's what it's for.
Exception to raSA.
So the