72087 rules for /yuSmad- /asmad- ←

chunk 41: 72114 replacements before soft

→ 73050 more about taddhita

72114 mRj to mArj . mRjervRddhiH
72115 Vowel to before JNit. acoJNiti
72116 Nexttolast a to . ata::upadhAyAH
72117 Before taddhita, first of the vowels to . taddhiteSvacAmAdeH
72118 before a kit . kitica
73003 But not with compounds with wordfinal y v. There ai au goes before the y v. nayvAbhyAmpadAntAbhyAmpUrvaututAbhyAmaic
73004 Same goes for dvAra etc. dvArAdInAJca
73032 Replace han with t , except ciN and Nal. hanastociNNaloH
73033 A-enders get y before ciN and kRt. AtoyukciNkRtoH
73034 Some {am-ender} roots do not get ata_upa. nodAttopadezasyamAntasyAnAcameH
73036 R hrI vlI rI knUy kSmAy and A-enders get puk before Ni. arttihrIvlIrIknUyIkSmAyyAtAmpuGNau
73040 bhI gets S when meaning frightening. bhiyohetubhayeSuk
73043 ruh to p optionally . ruhaHponyatarasyAm
73044 a to i before the k of an affix that got Ap, unless after longhorn. pratyayasthAtkAtpUrvasyAta::idApyasupaH




 

mRjer vRddhiH ONPANINI 72114
mRj to mArj (before root affix).mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 795

Exception to puganta, that would have made marj.

mRj is a lukclass root and means cleansing.

mRj + laT tip → mArj + tip vrazca mArSTi "cleanses"

mRj + Nyat cajoHku mRg + ya → mArgya- "to be cleansed"

mRj + tumun → mArj + tum → .. → mArSTum "to cleanse"

mRj + tavya → .. → mArSTavya- "must be cleansed"




 

aco J;Niti ONPANINI 72115
Vowel to ( vRddhi) before JNit.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ M+ C+ 796

The JNit affixes replace the last vowel of their stem with vRddhi.

Examples of roots getting vRddhi before Nic ciN Nal Nyat --

nI + Nic + laTnai + Nic + laT → nai + i + laT → .. → nAyayati "makes someone lead"

zIG + luT ta → .. → azI + ciN + ta → azai + ciN + ta ecoya azAy + i + ta ciNoluk azAyi "sleep happened"

nI + Nal → nai + Nal liTidhA nai + nai + Nal hrasvaH ni + nai + a ecoya ninAya "led"

lU + Nyat → lau + ya vAntoyi lAvya- "reapable"

Examples of nounbases getting vRddhi before a sup that became Nit --

sakhi- + jas sakhyura sakhi- + jasN → sakhai + as ecoya sakhAyas "friends"

go- + su gotoNit go- + suN → gaus "cow"

This rule won't work before a JNit taddhita (such as aN), because of exception taddhiteSva below.

See ata_upa next.




 

ata:: upadhAyAH ONPANINI 72116
Nexttolast a to ( vRddhi before JNit).mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ M- C+ 797

Example with the kRt affix (N)i(c) --

vad + Nic → vAd + NicvAdi @root

Example with the tiG affix (N)a(l) --

pac + liT tippac + Nal → pAc + a liTidhA papAca "he cooked"

Before a JNit affix, final vowels turn into vRddhi by previous rule, and nextolast a turns into A by this rule. Any other nexttolast short will turn into guNa by puganta. So, the last vowel of the root will end up heavy mostly always.

See also exception nodAttopadezasya.




 

taddhiteSv acAm AdeH ONPANINI 72117
Before ( JNit) taddhita, first of the vowels to ( vRddhi).mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ M- C+ 798

Exception to acoJNiti and ata_upa. The FIRST of the vowels of whatever a JNit taddhita is added to, must be replaced with vRddhi.

Example. iJ is a taddhita and is Jit. So when we add it to dazaratha- we get --

apatyanM dazarathasyadazaratha- + iJ → dAzaratha- + iJ yasyetica dAzarathi- "son of dazaratha"

Example before aN --

ziva- + aNzaiva- "relating or belonging or sacred to the god ziva"




 

kiti ca ONPANINI 72118
(Replace the first vowel of the stem with vRddhi) before a kit ( taddhita).mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 799

Example with Thak --

aksAs "dice" + Thak ThasyekaH aksAs "dice" + ikak supodhA akSa + ikak → AkSa + ika yasyetica AkSika- "gambler"

This won't work on what starts with vi before vowel, like vyAkAraNa-. See nayvA below.




 

na y;vAbhyAM padAntAbhyAM pUrvau tu tAbhyAm aic ONPANINI 73003
But not with compounds with wordfinal y v. There ai au goes before the y v.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ 800

Exception to taddhiteSva and kitica.

Example. vyAkaraNa "grammar" (from vi + AkaraNa) is such a compound -- the y is wordfinal because vi is a word. Here the A is the first vowel, but it does not get vRddhi replacement. Instead, the vRddhi of the i of vi is added before the y --

vyAkaraNa + aN → vaiyAkaraNaH "grammarian"

The logic of this is that the word vyAkaraNa used to be viyAkaraNaH anciently, so when adding aN the i was vRddhied.

See also dvAr'-AdInAMca below.




 

dvAr'-AdInAM ca ONPANINI 73004
Same goes for dvAra etc.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ 801

Addition to nayvAbhyAmpa. There are a few words that get the same change of y v into aiy auv even though their v y is not wordfinal.

So, when we mean "appointed to (watch) at the door", we may add Thak by rule tatraniyuktaH --

dvAra + ThakdvAra + ika(k)

At this point, ordinarily the k label would replace A (with another A, by kitica). Yet, because dvAra- belongs to the dvAra-class, we replace v with auv instead --

dvAra + ThakdvAra + ika (k) → dauvAra + ika-dauvArika- "doorkeeper, porter"

According to the ashtadhyayidotcom gaNapATha , the dvarAdi are --

dvAra | svara | svagrAma | svAdhyAya | vyalkaza | svasti | svar | sphyakRt | svAdumRdu | zvas | zvan | sva ||




 

hanas to '-ciN;NaloH ONPANINI 73032
Replace han with t (before JNit), except ciN and Nal.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ M+ C+ 802

As in --

han + Nic + tip → hat + Nic + ti hohante ghat + Nic + ti ata_upa ghAt + i + ti kartarizap ghAti + zap + tip hardsoft ghAte + tip ecoya ghAtayati "makes (them) kill"

han + Nvul → hat + Nvul hohante ghat + Nvul → .. → ghAtaka-

han + ciN + ta ciNoluk han + i luGlaG a + han + i hohante aghAni "was killed"

han + Nal → .. → jaghAna "he killed"

vRtrahan- + aN → .. → vArtraghna- "son of indra"

This is ghna got a-deletion from gamahana, and gh from hohante.




 

Ato yuk ciN-kRtoH ONPANINI 73033
A-enders get y(uk) before ciN and ( JNit) kRt.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 803

Example with ciN --

dA + ciN + ta luGlaG adA + i + ta ciNoluk adA + i → adAyi "it was given"

Example with Nvul, which is a JNit kRt --

dA + Nvul yuvoranAkau dA + aka → dAyaka- "giver"

dA + Nal → .. → dadau "gave"




 

n/odAtt%opadezasya mAntasy/An-AcameH ONPANINI 73034
Some !am-ender roots do not get ata_upa.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 804

This affects some roots such as zam cam tam dam --

zam + ciN luGlaG azami

cam + ciN luGlaG acami

atami

adami

But will not affect some others --

yam + Nvul ata_upa yAmaka-

and will not affect cam when it follows AG --

AG + cam + ciN ata_upa A + cAm + i luGlaG A + acAm + i akassa AcAmi




 

artti;hrI;vlI;rI;knUyI;kSmAyy;AtAM puG@ Nau ONPANINI 73036
R hrI vlI rI knUy kSmAy and A-enders get puk before Ni.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C+ 805

"These get p(uk)" means "add p after these" (see Adyantau).

Examples:

sthA + Nic + laT tip → sthAp + Nic + tipsthApi + zap + tip hardsoft sthApe + ati ecoya sthApayati "makes (it) stop"

kSmAy + Nic + laT tip → kSmayp + Ni + tip lopovyo kSmAp + Ni + tip → .. → kSmApayati "makes it shake"

Of course puganta will work before Nic as usual --

R + Nic + laT tip → Rp + i + zap + tip puganta arpi + zap + tip → .. → arpayati "throws"

But rule puganta also works work on puk-enders like vlIp knUp, even though their nexttolast is long --

hrI + Nic → hrIp + i puganta hrep + i → .. → hrepayati "puts to shame"

vlI + Nic → vlIp + i puganta vlep + i → .. → vlepayati "makes it fall"

rI + Nic → rIp → .. → repayati "makes it fall"

knUy + Nic → knUypi lopovyo knUpi puganta knopi → .. → knopayati "wettens"




 

bhiyo hetu-bhaye Suk ONPANINI 73040
bhI gets S(uk) (before Nic) when meaning frightening.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ 806

bhI + Nic + zap + tip → bhIS + i + zap + ti hardsoft bhISe + ati ecoya bhISayati "frightens"




 

ruhaH po 'nyatarasyAm ONPANINI 73043
ruh to p optionally (before Ni).mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ M- C+ 807

Example --

vrIhIn rohayati → vrIhIn ropayati "he grows rice plants"




 

pratyaya-sthAt kAt pUrvasy' .Ata id Apy a-supaH ONPANINI 73044
a to i before the k of an affix that got Ap, unless after longhorn.mmmmmmmmm glosses glosses ^ C- 808

In less words, " -akA- to -ikA- ". This affects several affixes that have ka inside, for instance Nvul --

pac + Nvul f yuvoranAkau pac + (N)aka acoJNiti pAcaka ajAdyataSTAp pAcakA → pacikA- "female cook"

bahu-parivrAjakA mathurA "there are many wandering mendicants in mathurA"
















72087 rules for /yuSmad- /asmad- ←

chunk 41: 72114 replacements before soft

→ 73050 more about taddhita