dvitIyAyAM ca ONPANINI 72087
( yuSmad- asmad- to A) before second.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 771

Before the second affixes am au zas, we replace yuSmad- asmad- with A. There are exactly six examples --

yuSmad- + am →Geprathama yuSmad- + am yuSma + A + am →tva;mAvekavacane tva + a + A + am tvAm "you"

asmad- + am →Geprathamayoram asmad- + am asma + A + am →tva;mAvekavacane ma + a + A + am mAm "me"

yuSmad- + @second au →Geprathamayoram yuSmad- + am yuSma + A + am →akassa yuSmA + am →yuvAvaudvivacane yuvA + am →amipUrvaH yuvAm "the two of you"

asmad- + au AvAm "the two of us" ( same steps )

yuSmad- + zas →zasona yuSmad- + n yuSma + A + n →akassa yuSmAn "y'all"

asmad- + zas asmAn "us" ( same steps )

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

prathamAyAz ca dvivacane bhASAyAm ONPANINI 72088
First dual ( yuSmad- asmad- to A) in the laukika.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 772

Two examples only --

yuSmad- + @first au yuvAm "the two of you"

asmad- + @first au AvAm "the two of us"

See dvitIyAyAMca or yuvAvaudvivacane for the small details.

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

yo 'ci ONPANINI 72089
( yuSmad- asmad- to) y before vowel ( sup that is not a replacement).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 773

Examples --

yuSmad- + TA yuSmay + A →tvamAvekavacane tva + ay + A →atoguNe tvayA "by you"

asmad- + TA asmay + A →tvamAvekavacane ma + ay + A →atoguNe mayA "by me"

tvayi

mayi

yuvayos

Avayos

zeSe lopaH ONPANINI 72090
Otherwise ( yuSmad- asmad-) to lopa.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 774

The previous rules, such as prathamAyAzca, took care of the dual endings, and of all second third seventh. So this one will remove the d of the first fourth fifth sixth that are singular or plural --

yuSmad- + su yuSma- + su →tvAhausau tvam

asmad- + bhyas asma- + bhyas →bhyasobhyam asmabhyam

asmad- + sup' asma- + sup' →yuSmad;asmadoranAdeze asmAsu "about us"

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

yuv'-Avau dvivacane ONPANINI 72092
(yuSm asm to) yuva Ava when meaning two.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 775

There are exactly six examples:

yuSmad- + @second au →zeSelopaH yuSma + au →Geprathamayoram yuSma + a + am yuva + a + am →yuSmadasmadoSSa yuvA + a + am yuvAm "the two of two"

asmad- + @second au →zeSelopaH asma + au →Geprathamayoram asma + a + am Ava + a + am →yuSmadasmadoSSa AvA + a + am AvAm "the two of us"

yuvAbhyAm "with the two of you"

AvAbhyAm "with the two of us"

yuvayos "of the two of you"

Avayos "of the two of us"

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

yUya;vayau jasi ONPANINI 72093
(yuSm asm to) yUya vaya before jas.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 776

So this rule changes yuSmad and asmad into yUya + ad, vaya + ad. The d drops by zeSelopaH, and one of the a by atoguNe, so, overall, yuSmad asmad turn into yUya, vaya. Only examples --

yuSmad- + jas yUya + jas →Geprathama yUya + am →atoguNe yUyam "y'all"

asmad- + jas vaya + jas vayam "we" ( same steps )

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

tvAhau sau ONPANINI 72094
Before su, (yuSm asm to) tva ahammmmmmmmm ^ C+ 777

The only examples are tvam and aham --

yuSmad- + su →zeSelopaH yuSma + su tva + a + su →atoguNe tva + su →Geprathama tva + am →amipUrvaH tvam → tvam "you"

asmad- + su →Geprathamayoram asmad + am →zeSelopaH asma + am aha + a + am →atoguNe aha + am →atoguNe aham "I"

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

tubhya;mahyau Gayi ONPANINI 72095
(yuSm asm to) tubhya mahya before Ge.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 778

Only examples --

yuSmad- + Ge →Geprathamayoram yuSmad + am tubhya + ad + am →zeSelopaH tubhya + a + am tubhyam "to you"

asmad- + Ge mahyam "to me" ( same steps )

These tubhyam mahyam are found far less often than their optional replacements te'' me'' made by temayAvekavacanasya. But you can still use them to help your verses come up right --

bhartrA 'hamM prahitas tubhyaM rAmeNAkliSTakarmaNA "Your untiring husband rAma sent me to you."

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

tava;mamau Gasi ONPANINI 72096
(yuSm asm to) tava mama before Gas.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 779

This makes tava and mama only --

yuSmad- + Gas tava + ad + Gas →zeSelopaH tava + a + Gas →yuSmad;asmadbhyAMGasoz tava + a + a →atoguNe tava + a →atoguNe tava "your, yours"

asmad- + Gas → mama "my, mine" ( same steps )

Instead of tava mama, you may also say te'' me''.

Back to yuSmad- asmad- with sixth .

tva;mAv ekavacane ONPANINI 72097
Otherwise (yuSm asm to ) tva ma when meaning one person.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 780

This rule only works when none of the above rules (such as tubhyamahyauGayi or tvAhausau) replaces yuSm asm with something else. Therefore there are only eight examples --

tvAm mAm tvayA mayA tvat mat tvayi mayi

Half of those in detail --

yuSmad- + TA →yoci yuSmay + A tva + ay + A →atoguNe tvayA "by you"

asmad- + TA →yoci asmay + A ma + ay + A →atoguNe mayA "by me"

yuSmad- + am →Geprathama yuSmad + am →dvitIyAyAMca yuSma + A + am tva + a + A + am tvAm "you"

asmad- + am mAm "me"

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

tri-caturoH striyAM tisR-catasR ONPANINI 72099
Feminine tri- catur- to tisR catasRmmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 781

Examples --

tri- + jas OR zas tisR + as →acira::RtaH tisr + as → tisras "three"

tri f + Am tisR + Am → tisR + nAm →Natvam tisR + NAm → tisRNAm

tisR + sup' →kric tisRSu

tisRbhis "with three"

tisRbhyas "from three"

aci ra:: RtaH ONPANINI 72100
R of tisR catasR to r before vowelmmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 782

Exception to prathamayo.

Examples --

tri- f + jas →tricaturo tisR- + jas tisras f "three"

tri- f + zas →tricaturo tisR- + zas tisras f "three"

tyad-AdInAm aH ONPANINI 72102
tyadAdi to a (before vibhakti).mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 783

The tyadAdi are the eight pronoun nounbases --

tyad- tad- yad- etad-

idam- adas- eka- dvi-

This rule changes them into --

tya- ta- ya- eta-

ida- ada- eka- dva-

before all vibhakti.

Example:

tad- m + TA ta + TA →TAGasi ta + ina → tena "by that one"

Next rule, kimaHkaH, says that kim- changes into ka under the same circumstances.

.. add kAzikA

tad- n + su →svamorna tad →beforepause tat

tasya + puruSaH →supodhA tad- + puruSaH →kharica tatpuruSaH "his man"

kimaH kaH ONPANINI 72103
kim- to ka- (before vibhakti)mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 784

Examples --

kim- m + TA ka- + TA →TAGasi ka + ina →AdguNaH kena

kim- f + su ka- + su →ajAdya kA- + s →halGyAbbhyo kA

kim- n + su ka- + su →svamorna kA- + luk →nalumatA kim

ku tihoH ONPANINI 72104
( kim-) to ku (before vibhakti) before t h.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 785

As in --

kim- + Gasi → kim- + tasil kutas "from where?"

The tasil is optional, so we can still say kasmAt for "from where?".

kim- + Gasi → kim- + ha ( vA ha ca cchandasi ) kuha "from where?"

As in Rgveda 10:129 --

kim AvarIvaH kuha kasya zarmann ambhaH kim AsId gahanaGM gabhIram

kv/Ati ONPANINI 72105
( kim- to) kva before a(t).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 786

a(t) is the replacement of Gi made by kimot above.

Only example --

kim- + Gi →kimot kim + at kva + at →atoguNe kva "where?"

tadoH saH sAv an-antyayoH ONPANINI 72106
Nonfinal t d (of the tyadAdi) to s before su.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 787

This rule changes adas- tad- tyad- etad- into asas sad syad esad. So there are exactly eight examples, four masculine --

adas- m + su →adasa::ausulopazca adau asau "that"

tyad- m + su →tyadAdI tya + a + s sya + a + a syas "that"

tad- m + su →tyadAdI ta + a + s sa + a + s →atoguNe sas "that"

etad- m + su → esas →kric eSas "this"

(The last two forms, sas and eSas, lose their final before consonant. See etattado.)

and four feminine --

adas f + su → asau "that" ( same steps as the masculine )

tyad f + su →tyadAdI tya + a + s →ajAdya tya + a + Ap + s syA "that"

tad f + su sA "that"

etad f + su eSA "this"

adasa:: au su-lopaz ca ONPANINI 72107
adas- to au (before su), and trash the su.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 788

Exception to tyadAdInAmaH. Only one example --

adas mf + su ada + au →vRddhireci adau →tadoHsa asau m "that"

as in

asau hayaH "that horse"

asau hayI "that mare"

adas n + su →svamor adas

as in

adaH phalam "that fruit"

idamo maH ONPANINI 72108
idam- to m (before su).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 789

Exception to tyadAdInAmaH.

Only examples --

idam- f + su idam →yaHsau iyam "this"

idam- m + su idam →yaHsau iyam →idoypuMsi ayam "this"

daz ca ONPANINI 72109
d (of idam- to m before all sup).mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 790

As in --

idam- + am →tyadAdInAmaH ida + a + am → ima + a + am →atoguNe ima + am →amipUrvaH imam "this"

Because of exceptions, this rule will only work before au jas zas am.

There is an unrelated rule that sounds the same, daz ca x.

yaH sau ONPANINI 72110
(d of idam- to) y before su.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 791

Only example --

idam- f + su →idamomaH idam- + su iyam + su →halGyA iyam f "this one"

ido 'y puMsi ONPANINI 72111
id (of idam-) to ay (before su) when masculine.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 792

This rule may be reworded into -- "masculine idam- with su makes ayam".

Only example --

idam- m + su ayam "this one"

As in --

ayamM mUDhaH "this idiot"

mUDho 'yam "this idiot"

an' Apy akaH ONPANINI 72112
idam- to ana before TA os, provided there's no k.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 793

Only examples --

idam- + TA ana + TA →TAGasi ana + ina →AdguNaH anena "with this, by this"

idam- + os ana + os →osica ane + os →ecoya anayos "of these two, in these two"

idam- f + TA ana + TA →ajAdyataSTAp ana + Ap + TA →yasyetica anA + TA →AGicApaH ane + TA → anayA "by this"

idam- mn + os ana + os anayos "of these two"

imakena "with this very one"

imakayos "of these very two"

hali lopaH ONPANINI 72113
Delete the na otherwise.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 794

In more words -- idam- becomes a- before all TAsup except TA and os.

idam- mn + Gas →TAGasi idam + sya asya "of this"

idam- mn + bhis a + bhis →bahuvacanejhalyet ebhis "with these"

ajAdyataSTAp works --

idam- f + Gas a + Gas →ajAdya a + Ap + Gas → A + Gas →sarvanAmnaHsyA asyAs "of this"

idam- f + bhis a + bhis →ajAdya a + Ap + bhis →akassa Abhis "with these"