chunk 57: the sup affixes chunk 57: the sup affixes
Table of
^ 
There are seven groups of three sup affixes.
In Sanskrit grammar speak, these grups are numbered first to seventh. But in the Western grammatical tradition they have nicknames such as nominative, accusative, etc. You must learn the names if you want to use inria reader. Here are the seven groups with their inria nicknames --
first su au jas nom nominative
second am au zas acc accusative
third TA bhyAm bhis i instrumental
fourth Ge bhyAm bhyas dat dative
fifth Gasi bhyAm bhyas abl ablative
seventh Gi os sup' loc locative
I never use the Western nicknames in the classroom, because it's inconvenient. My kids learn to remember " amauTchaS" in less time than they need to remember "accusative". Also, saying "this word has Am" is far quicker than saying "this word has been declined in the genitive plural". Yet they end up memorizing the nicknames anyway, because when inria says a word has "g. pl.", it means it has Am.
^
su is lost after consonants --
and also after neuters --
except the neuters that end in
Back to table of
^
au is the dual ending of groups svaujas and amauTchaS.
Examples --
and after all neuters --
The words formed with first au and the ones formed with second au always sound the same --
(There is an extremely uncommon vedic exception to that, but NVM.)
Back to table of
^
jas is strong, and that makes it trigger several special rules --
After a neuter, jas and zas turn into zi.
Back to table of
^
am is the singular affix of the second group, amauTchaS. Like the other seconds, it is used mostly when rule karmaNidvi says so.
Some examples after consonants:
am turns into
The above examples are all masculine or feminine. The neuters get am too, but it disappears by svamorna --
unless it's an
Back to table of
^
When a word might have zas, inria flags it with "acc pl".
The label
It is used mainly when rule karmaNidvi says so. For instance, with the object of
The zas enders look like the jas enders after many nounbases, for instance nounbases that end in consonant or Ap --
But they look different after others, for instance the GI enders, and the masculines ending in
Back to table of
^
TA looks like
But
This affix TA is called AG' in rules
where the word
and
AGonAstriyAm " TA of non- feminines to
where the word
The kAzikA says that this
AG'
Back to TAbhyAmbhis.
^
bhyAm is the dual affix of the third, fourth and fifth groups ( TAbhyAmbhis, GebhyAmbhyas and GasibhyAmbhyas). It therefore can translate into "with, by, to, from".
Back to TAbhyAmbhis.
Back to GebhyAmbhyas.
Back to GasibhyAmbhyas.
^
bhis is the plural affix of the third group ( TAbhyAmbhis).
It means "with", or "by", mostly "by".
It stays after most nounbases --
But changes after
Back to TAbhyAmbhis.
^
Ge is the singular ending of the fourth group, GebhyAmbhyas. It means "to".
For instance, in these sentences,
Ge sounds like
But not after --
(See GeryaH.)
and many feminines, that turn Ge into
^
bhyas is the plural ending of groups GebhyAmbhyas GasibhyAmbhyas
and an example of fifth bhyas --
Back to GebhyAmbhyas.
Back to GasibhyAmbhyas.
^
The
When TAGasi does not work, the words with Gasi will look exactly like the words with Gas --
Words that have
If TAGasi has not worked, like in
because it has no way to know if this word got Gasi ( abl sg) or Gas ( g sg).
^
The words that have Gas usually look exactly like the words that have Gasi, with the
Back to GasosAm
^
os is the dual affix of the sixth and seventh groups ( GasosAm and Gyossup) --
This affix always looks like
But when os comes after
Back to GasosAm
Back to Gyossup
^
Am is the plural affix of the sixth group ( GasosAm). It mostly means "of" or "have" --
Back to GasosAm.
^
Back to Gyossup
^
It always looks like
or like
When it comes after
Back to table of
chunk 57: the sup affixes