chunk 29: 61001 reduplication chunk 29: 61001 reduplication
61001 Replace the first onevowel part with two.
61002 the second of a vowelstarter.
61003 Except the
61004 Stammer is the first .
61005 Stammered are both.
61006
61008 Before
61009 before
61010 before
61011 before
61015
61016
61017 Before
61019
61037 No stretching before stretched.
61038 The
61039 This to
61040
61041 before
61042
61043
61044 optionally after
61045
61058
61064 Rootstarter
61065
61066
61067 One-letter
61068
61069 After
61071 Short gets
61072 Not before pause.
61073 before
61074
61075 non-wordfinal long .
61076 wordfinal optionally.
61077
61078
61079
61080 of root only if that affix made the
^ 
Sometimes, we have to " reduplicate" roots, that is, we replace the first part of the root with two of the same. The first part is everything up to the first vowel. Examples --
The first part of
so "reduplicate
The first part of
so we replace
The first part of
so we replace
See also the exceptions below, ajAderdvitIyasya and nan;d;rAssaMyogAdayaH.
Eample. Rule liTidhA teaches "reduplicate what is before liT". This means that when
^ 
Exception to ekAcodve. The roots that start with a vowel and have at least two vowels replace their second one-vowel part with two.
Example. The root
as in --
See exception nandrA right below.
^ Exception to aj-Ader dvitIyasya. If the second part of a vowel-starter root starts with
Examples. The roots
As in --
^ When we replace one thing with two by the above rules, the first copy is called the stammer.
Example:
the stammer of
^ When we replace one part of a root with two by the above rules, the new root is a stammered.
Example. When ekAcodve replaces root
the stammer is the first
and the stammered is
There are two sorts of stammered --
(1) Those made by this rule (such as
(2) Those mentioned in the next rule, jakSityA (such as
^ These seven special roots are stammered just because this rule says so, even though they weren't made by reduplicating other roots. They are all lukclass.
Being a stammered makes rule adabhyastAt work. Example --
It also prohibits the num from nAbhyastAccha. So
^ Examples --
^ Examples --
^ 
The zluclass roots get zlu added. Then the zlu reduplicates the root by this rule, and disappears by pratyayasyaluk;zlu;lupaH.
bibhI +
dadA + jhi → dadA + ati''' →
^ The caG affix appears in some luG. Examples --
aT +
The caGi reduplication has some peculiarities --
every vowel except
The Nic affix disappears by NeraniTi,
the root vowel shortens by NaucaGyu,
and the vowel of the stammer is often long --
^ The
Examples of vac svap yajjclass stretching before kit --
vac + kta
svap + kta
yaj + kta
yaj + liT mas → yaj + ma →
Examples of not stretching before Git --
^ The nine grahijyA roots are --
grah "grab, take" jyA "grow old" 01.0034
They stretch before kit and Git affixes.
Examples of stretching before the kit affixes ktvA and kta --
grah + ktvA
Examples of stretching before the Git affixes znA jhi za --
pracch + za + tip
In those examples, znA, jhi and za are Git because of rule hard
^ This rule only works when the root has not been stretched, that is to say, when the liT is akit, as in --
See the other examples in the kAzikA.
This rule works before halAdizzeSaH can work --
^ Only examples --
svap + yaG
vyeJ + yaG
^ 
talkaround -- If some rule asks us to stretch, say,
Example. When rule zva;yuva tells us to stretch
^ This rule allows veJovayiH to make the forms
^ So instead of the
This rule won't work before akit liT, so we say
^ veJ before liT turns into
veJ + Nal →
See
^ Exception to vacisvapi. lyap is kit because it replaced ktvA.
Example --
^ Example --
pra +
^ Exception to vacisvapi, that would have stretched vyeJ "hide" because lyap is kit.
Example --
pra +
^ So ordinarily vacisvapi, because of previous rule, will not stretch the
pari +
But if we take this option --
pari +
^ The roots that end in an ec in the dhAtupATha, like
Examples --
Counterexample before a zit --
^ The label
dRz + tumun
Before kit, we get neither this rule nor puganta --
and before akit non- serious, we get puganta as usual --
^ In other words: when the dhAtupATha shows a root that starts with
Such a root is said to be a Sa-root.
Examples. The roots listed in the dhAtupATha as
See also NonaH below.
abhi +
^ The Nopadeza roots ("the ones taught with
This rule teaches that we must always replace the initial
In other words: this rule says that no roots start with
^ Examples --
But that
^ These are some of the affected
these all lose
Example --
^ Examples of su to lopa after hal --
Examples of su to lopa after GI Ap --
Examples of t''' s''' to lopa after hal ---
^ Examples after eG --
Examples after short --
Counterexample.
See also rules that delete the calling .
^ In morewords, the kRt affixes with
Examples with lyap --
pra +
Examples with kyap --
iN' + kyap
Examples with kvip --
The kvip enders do not get any feminine affix. The kyap-enders get ajAdyataSTAp.
^ headline. The next rules (down to 61157) won't work before a pause.
Example. Rule ikoyaNaci below teaches "
either we make no pause between the words and ikoyaNaci works --
or we make a pause and the ikoyaNaci does not work, even though
ikoyaNaci will work compulsorily when adding affixes --
because pausing midword is ungrammatical.
^ We can reword this rule into --
"
Examples --
gam + laT tip →
sas +
You may spell the last two as
This rule is quite useless nowadays, because everybody pronounces only
^ This rule teaches that the sound
AG +
mAG +
This is an exception to padAntAdvA, that says that after a wordfinal long vowel, the change is optional.
Most people make no difference between
^ 
Examples --
Think of this rule as a spelling rule: " If the sound
The kAzikA shows the examples
^ What this rule is teaching us is that in
Nowadays everybody pronounces
" after a wordfinal long, spell the sound
^ Before vowel, we replace
Examples with
Examples with
Examples with
^ 
The ec are
Examples --
Works on wordfinal too --
Yet, if the wordfinal is
Rule lopazzA is optional. However, in print, it will always affect the wordfinal
and will never affect the wordfinal
As this is just a spelling custom, saying aloud
^ Addition to ecoya, which replaces
Example before Nyat, a kRt affix --
Example before Nya, a taddhita. The taddhita do not trigger ( acoJNiti, but do trigger taddhiteSva --
^ Exception to vAntoyi above. If the
but not before other y-affixes, like this
Here the
chunk 29: 61001 reduplication