31067
31068
31069 Some roots get
31073
31074
31077
31078
31079
31081
31082
31083 After consonant,
The root that is right before a hard nondoer affix gets yak added.
Examples --
Example with a ta affix that means the object --
as in
Example with a ta affix that means nothing --
As + bhAve laT ta →
as in
This rule won't work when the nondoer affix is soft, or when affixes tAs, sya, cli come in between, making the root not be right before the nondoer. Therefore, this rule only works when the nondoer affix replaced laT, laG, loT, or hard liG.
See also root changes before
KAZIKA bhAva-karma-vAcini sArvadhAtuke parato dhatoH yak pratyayo bhavati. Asyate bhavatA. zayyate bhavatA. karmaNi kriyate kaTaH. gamyate grAmaH. kakAro guNa-vRddhi-pratiSedhArthaH. yagvidhAne karmakrtaryupasaGkhyAnam. vipratiSedhAd dhi yakaH zapo valIyastvam. kriyate kaTaH svayam eva. pacyate odanaH svayam eva.
The rule just says " yak before hard". Yet, this rule only works before hard nondoer, because the rules mentioned in page verb classes , such as kartarizap, override this rule before doer affixes.
Add
Examples with the hard doer affixes tip ta --
This rule will only work when the nondoer affix replaces a zabyak tense.
See also When
Back to verb classes .
Exception to kartarizap. Some roots get
Such roots are called
As zyan is Git by hard apit is
Examples --
In all of those, the accent is on the root, because zyan is nit
Note. With bent affixes like ta, the kartari and the akartari are spelled the same way --
But the kartari gets the accent on
Back to verb classes .
KAZIKA div ity evam AdibhyaH dhAtubhyaH zyan-pratyayo bhavati. zapo 'pavAdaH. nakAraH svarArthaH. zakAraH sArvadhAtukArthaH. dIvyati. sIvyati.
Exception to kartarizap. Some roots get znu whenever ordinary roots would get zap, that is, before a hard doer affix.
These are some such roots --
These are called znuclass roots, class five roots, or
Examples --
Back to verb classes .
KAZIKA SUJ abhiSave, ity evam Adibhyo dhAtubhyaH znupratyayo bhavati. zapo 'pavAdaH. sunoti. sinoti.
(If the link to
This rule makes
As in --
KAZIKA zruvaH znupratyayo bhavati, tatsaMniyogena zruvaH zR ityayam Adezo bhavati. zRNoti, zRNutaH, zRNvanti.
Exception to kartarizap --
" Some roots get
Such roots are called "class six roots", " zaclass roots", or "
This za always has label
When a zaclass root that ends in
Back to verb classes .
KAZIKA tuda vyathane ityevam Adibhyo dhAtubhyaH zapratyayo bhavati. zapo 'pavAdaH. zakAraH sArvadhAtukasaMjJArthaH. tudati. nudati.
Exception to kartarizap. Some roots (for instance
Example --
The
More examples --
KAZIKA rudhir AvaraNe ity evam Adibhyo dhAtubhyaH znam pratyayo bhavati. zapo 'pavAdaH. ma-kAro deza-vidhy-arthaH. zakAraH znAn nalopa iti vizeSaNArthaH. ruNaddhi. bhinatti.
Exception to kartarizap. Some roots get u instead of zap when before a hard doer affix.
There are ten such roots. The nine tanAdi (a.k.a. uclass) --
and the very common root kR
As the tanAdi all end in
The kR root however does some strange things -- see
Back to verb classes
KAZIKA tanu vistAre ityevam Adibhyo dhAtubhyaH kRJazca upratyayo bhavati. zapo 'pavAdaH. tanoti. sanoti. kSaNoti. kRJaH khalvapi karoti. tanAdipAThAdeva upratyaye siddhe karoterupAdAnaM niyamArtham, anyat tanAdikAryaM mA bhUtiti. tanAdibhyas tathAsoH iti vibhASA sico lug na bhavati. akRta. akRthAH.
Exception to kartarizap. Certain roots, for instance krI "buy", when they are before a hard doer affix, get
Such roots are called
This znA affix keeps its
Before consonant Git affixes, the
Before vowel Git affixes, the
Back to verb classes
KAZIKA DukrIJ dravyavinimaye ityevam AdibhyaH dhAtubhyaH znA pratyayo bhavati. zapo 'pavAdaH. zakAraH sArvadhAtukasaMjJArthaH. krINAti. prINAti.
See
KAZIKA AdyAzcatvAro dhAtavaH sautrAH, skuJApravaNe, etebhyaH znA pratyayo bhavati, znuH ca. stabhnAti, stabhnoti. stubhnAti, stubhnoti. skabhnAti, skabhnoti. skubhnAti, skubhnoti. skunAti, skunoti. udittvapratijJAnAt sautrANAm api dhAtUnAM sarvArthatvaM vijJAyate, na etad vikaraNaviSayatvam eva.
That hi''', being after
grah + loT sip →
(All of these have accent on the
This rule won't work after roots that end in vowels --
or before tiG affixes other than hi''' --
KAZIKA hala uttarasya znApratyayasya zanaj-Adezo bhavati hau parataH. muSANa. puSANa. halaH iti kim? krINIhi. hau iti kim? muSNAti. znaH iti sthAni-nirdezaH Adeza-sampratyayArthaH. itarathA hi pratyayAntaram eva sarvaviSayaM vijJAyeta.