chunk 24: 34099 Git tenses chunk 24: 34099 Git tenses→ 41001 sup endings and feminine affixes
34099 from
34100
34101
34102
34103 Flat gets
34105
34106
34107
34108
34109 after
34110 after
34111 Optionally
34112 After
34113
34114 The rest are soft.
34115
34116
^ 
The Git tenses are liG laG lRG luG. When they are replaced with vas and mas, those turn into va''' ma'''.
Examples --
ma''' →
ma''' →
KAZIKA leTa iti nivRttam. Gito lakArasya ya uttamaH, tasya nityaM sakArasya lopo bhavati. upacAva, upacAma. nitya-grahaNaM vikalpa-nivRtty-artham.
You said this only works when the vas mas replaced a
It is not, but we replace mas as if it were. See loTolaGvat.
What's the word
Were it not here, the rule would get optionality from the trickle.
^ In more words --
"The tip jhi sip that replaced a Git tense lose
Examples with tip --
Examples with sip --
The jh''' will be replaced with ant''' or at''' by jhontaH or its exceptions --
KAZIKA GitaH ityeva. GillakArasambandhina ikArasya nityaM lopo bhavati. apacat. apAkSIt. parasmaipadeSu ityeva, apacAvahi, apacAmahi.
Shouldn't this rule work on mip as well?
No. Because of the exception tasthastha below, it works only on tip jhi sip.
^ Whn a Git tense is replaced with tas thas tha mip, replace those with tAm''' tam''' ta''' am''' respectively --
car + laG thas
cara + cara + ta''' →
See also
itazca rule says replace mip with
This one. Otherwise, the "
Could we say that this rule is stronger because exceptions follow rules, by vipratiSedhe?
No, saying that would be misleading. The common-sense principle "rules have nothing useless in them" overrides all other precedence guidelines, such as vipratiSedhe.
^ The liG affixes are hard more often than not (see page soft
When they are hard, this rule adds
The nine bent liG, when hard, are --
Notice that jha turned into ran by jhasyaran.
And am''' turned into a' by iTot.
All nine got
Examples --
For the soft liG bents, see soft bent
Back to hard bent
Question. Why no puganta in
Being apit and hard, these nine carry
^ 
This is an exception to liGassIyuT, that would otherwise have added
Important: this rule will not work after
The
The
If the liG is soft (see soft liG), liGassa won't work --
As in
See hard flat
See soft flat
See also hard flat
KAZIKA liGaH ityeva. parasmaipada-viSayasya liGo yAsuD-Agamo bhavati, sa ca udAtto bhavati, Gic ca. sIyuTo'pavAdaH. AgamAnudAttatve prApte, GittvaM tu liGa eva vidhIyate, tatra tatkAryANAM sambhavAd, na Agamasya. kuryAt, kuryAtAm, kuryuH. sthanivadbhAvAdeva liGAdezasya Gittve siddhe yAsuTo GidvacanaM jJApanArtham - lakArAzrayaGittvam AdezAnAM na bhavati iti. acinavam. akaravam.
Why does the rule say that a flat liG affix gets
Because otherwise
No. My question was, why does the rule BOTHER to say that the replacement of liG gets
Oopsie sorry. It says so because sthAnivad does not work here. Please see
Why is the exception atoyeyaH placed in the back of beyond, instead of right below here? After all, that exception ends up being used more often than not.
Rule yAsuTpa works both on hard and soft liG. But that exception must work only on the hard, so it was placed where it gets the words " hard" and "
What is the word
That word teaches that the
^ This makes jha into ran, then it will turn into Iran''' or sIran''', this way --
ran →
ran →
as in --
in the soft liG, liGassa won't work, so sIran''' stays --
Back to hard bent
^ 
This a' of course always gets sIyuT, making sIya'''. Which loses the
This sIya''' is supposed to stay in the soft liG, but I won't even bother to show any examples because no one has used the bent soft liG forms in the last two thousand years. So the sIyuT will almost always be hard and liGassa erases the
a' →
Examples --
and after
Back to hard bent
Back to hard bent
^ 
(By Adyantau, "get
This rule works usefully only on the soft bent
These get
AtAm sIyAstAm''' "may both"
thAs sISThAs''' "may you"
AthAm sIyAsthAm''' "may you2"
I won't bother to show any examples because the soft bent
^ Exception to jhontaH and other rules, that would have made ant''' or at''' instead. Example --
By rule usya, the
Wait, I'm confused. Did the
^ The previous rule jherjus replaces liG jhi with jus. We must also replace jhi --
after sic
in the laG after a stammered --
and in the laG of
Rules laGaHzA and dviSazca, too, may turn jhi into jus.
KAZIKA aliGarthaH ArambhaH. sicaH parasya, abhyastasaMjJakebhyo, vettezca uttarasya jher jus, Adezo bhavati. abhyastavidigrahaNam asijartham. Gita iti ca anuvartate. sicastAvat akArSuH. ahArSuH. abhastAt abibhayuH. ajihrayuH. ajAgaruH. videH aviduH.
But inria grammar says that the imperfect third person plural of
Bug! It is
The bhg has
Nope. That is a laT, with present meaning, "they know". Allowed by special rule vidolaTovA.
^ AFAIK, this rule might be reworded as " sija does not work after bhU". Only example --
Now I'm confused... shouldn't " jhi to jus only after
No. This rule is an exception ONLY to the previous rule, sija. The jus of
^ LISTENTO https://youtu.be/hgufLwRkIuA?t=4251
This rule applies to lukclass roots that end in
In the alternative, we get jhontaH as usual --
The word
This rule does not work on the zluclass roots; those get jus complusorily by sija.
The word
KAZIKA AtaH ityeva. AkArAntAduttarasya laGAdezasya jheH jusAdezo bhavati zAkaTAyanasya AcAryasya matena. ayuH. avuH. anyeSAM mate ayAn. nanu GitaH ityanuvartate. atra laGeva akArAntAdanantaro Git sambhavati na anyaH, tat kiM laGgrahaNena? evaM tarhi laGG eva yo laG vihitaH tasya yathA syAt, laGvadbhAvena yas tasya mA bhUt, loTo laGvad iti. yAntu. vAntu. sijabhyastavidibhyazcety ayam api jher jus loTo na bhavati. bibhyatu. jAgratu. vidantu. jusbhAvamAtraM hi mukhyena laGA vizeSyate. evakAra uttarArthaH.
^ LISTENTO https://youtu.be/hgufLwRkIuA?t=4253
After
Only example --
This rule is optional. If we choose to not apply it, we get
KAZIKA laGaH zAkaTAyanasya ityeva. dviSaH parasya laGG Adezasya jher jusAdezo bhavati, zAkaTAyanasya AcAryasya matena. adviSuH. anyeSAM mate adviSan.
^ LISTENTO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgufLwRkIuA&feature=youtu.be&t=70m56s
The zit root affixes, and the tiG, are called " hard affixes" (
Examples:
tip tas jhi mip vas mas are hard because they are in the tiG list.
zap, za, zyan, zAnac, zatR are hard because they are zit and are root affixes.
Lastly, as rule sthAnivad says that replacements inherit hard-ness, all replacements of hard tiG are also hard. Such as the t''' in
See also next rule, ArdhadhAtukaM zeSaH.
KAZIKA tiGaH zitaz ca pratyayAH sArvadhAtuka-saMjJA bhavanti. bhavati. nayati. svapiti. roditi. pacamAnaH. yajamAnaH. sArvadhAtukapradezAH sArvadhAtuke yak ityevam AdayaH.
Why is being hard important?
Example. When we join
You made up that " hard" word. In all the other books about
Because my students understand me far sooner when I say "this rule works before hard and soft" than when I say "this rule works before
Why did you say " root affix"?
zi, zas, zI are not hard, even though they are zit, because they are not root affixes.
No. I meant, how do you know that this rule applies to root affixes only?
^ The root affixes that are not zit and not tiG are called " soft".
Examples:
TA, Ge, aN etc are neither soft nor hard, because they are not root affixes.
lyap is soft because it is a root affix, it is not zit, and it is not a tiG.
tip tas jhi etc, when they replace liT, are soft, because of the exception liTca.
Therefore their replacements Nal atus us etc. are also soft. And that's why
KAZIKA tiGaH zitaz ca varjayitvA anyaH pratyayaH zeSo dhAtusaMzabdanena vihitaH ArdhadhAtuka-saMjJo bhavati. lavitA. lavitum. lavitavyam. dhAtoH ity eva. vRkSatvam. vRkSatA asti. lUbhyAm. lUbhiH. jugupsate.
Why did you say " root affix"?
No. I mean, how do you know that this "zeSa" in the sUtra means "the rest of the root affixes", and not in general "the rest of the affixes"?
See note at the bottom of tiGzit.
^ LISTENTO https://youtu.be/hgufLwRkIuA?t=4261
Exception to tiGzit.
So in
the jhi and tip are soft. Their softness kept kartarizap and tanAdikR from working.
Also, as the jhi affix is soft here, sArvadhAtukamapit did not make it Git.
KAZIKA liD AdezaH tiGG ArdhadhAtuka-saMjJo bhavati. sArvadhAtuka-saMjJAyA apavAdaH. pecitha. zekitha. jagle. mamle. nanu ca ekasaMjJAdhikArAdanyatra samAvezo bhavati? satyam etat. iha tu evakAro 'nuvartate, sa niyamaM karisyati.
Wait. If jhi is not Git, why didn't puganta work in
Because asaMyogAlliTkit made jhi into a kit here.
^ ( Before going any further, read soft
By rule AziSiliG;loTau, we may use either liG or loT to mean "I want this to happen", as in --
the tip in these two verbs is hard, by tiGzit.
Now, according to this rule, we may make the hard liG tip be soft. This makes different rules work on it, so that tip no longer turns into et''', but into yAt''' --
This soft liG is called ben or benedictive in inria, and
KAZIKA AziSi viSaye yo liG sa ArdhadhAtukasaMjJo bhavati. sArvadhAtukasaMjJAyA apavAdaH. samAvezazca evakArAnuvRtterna bhavati. laviSISTa. paviSISTa. AziSi iti kim? lunIyAt. punIyAt.
Why do we say "when wishing"?
By vidhinimantra, liG has other senses, such as "he would go" or "let him go". When the liG has those other meanings, this rule will never work. So for "he would go",
When should I use the soft liG myself?
Basically, never. Please see the soft
What rules made
In those examples, the hard tip affix turned into et''', and the soft tip affix turned into yAt'''. Click et''' or yAt''' for the small details.
I have a grammar book that says that
How come inria declension , as of 2021, says that the soft liG of
chunk 24: 34099 Git tenses