24072 The lukclass get no
24074
24075
24077
24079 after uclass before
24081 After
24085 Third person
31001 affixes start here.
31002 go after.
31003 acute at the start.
31004
Exception to kartarizap way below, that says that roots get zap before hard doer affix.
There are some roots that get nothing before hard doer. For instance,
Such roots are called "
Examples --
AG + iN' + loT sip →
Careful here: this rule replaces zap with luk, but rules [3] to [10] of page verb classes do not replace zap. They are exceptions to kartarizap and add zlu zyan znu etc INSTEAD of adding zap.
The yaGluk roots (such as roru lAlap vAvad), have the same meaning as the yaG roots (
roru "keep roaring, roar loudly"
vAvad "keep talking, talk a lot, rumble (as a drum)"
lAlap "keep chattering, have logorrhoea, prate senselessly"
lolUya → lolU "keep reaping"
As they do not have
vAvad + laT tip →
roru + laT tip →
(Notice that these got no zap. That's because of a vArttika,
An example before ac'' --
(Here
The yaGluk are all allowed in the laukika according to
Some roots get zlu when others would get zap (that is, before a hard doer affix). These are called zluclass roots, class three roots, or
The zlu causes reduplication (by rule zlau) and disappears (by rule pratyayasya). Example --
Whenever this rule works, rules zlau and pratyayasya will too, so I won't always write all steps. Sometimes I'll just type --
we always end up with the same thing we'd've got without adding zap. Therefore,
In other words -- these five roots get no affix at all when they are before luG.
Inria flags these verb forms with "aor [1]". Coulson calls them " root aorist", because no affix is added to the root.
Examples with ghu roots --
The "
iN' + luG tip →
mAG + iN' + luG tip
But this rule will not work after the
The
and NOT the
This rule only works before flat. So if the same gAG mentioned above gets the bent affix AtAm, the sic stays --
iN' + karmaNi luG AtAm →
As in --
Back to aorist types .
Examples --
If we don't take the option, we get iSic as usual, as all the uclass are seT --
This rule works before the bent ta "he", but not before the flat ta''' "y'all" --
After adding Am'' to a root that is before a liT replacer, this rule chops off the liT, wraps it in plastic and keeps it in the fridge (not in the freezer!). See --
After tAs, replace
with
By rules TeH and rica, the tAs combines with those into --
Examples --
The things taught in books three, four and five are called affixes.
Examples of affixes, and the rules that describe them --
anIyar 31096 tavyattavyA
GIp 41005 RnnebhyoGIp
aN 41083 prAgdIvyatoN
kap 54151 uraHprabhRtibhyaHkap
See also parazca right below.
affixes are always added to something. They are usually added AFTER something. As for instance, the affix su may be added after all nounbases --
Exceptions. Rules Adyantau and midaco cause some affixes to be added in front of, or in the middle of, whatever they are added to. For instance, when
Affixes move the accent to their first vowel unless otherwise specified. Example. When we join --
...the acute will be on the
This won't work with the affix
Back to labels and accent .
Exception to AdyudAttazca.