chunk 5: 11049 rule interpretation chunk 5: 11049 rule interpretation
11049 Sixth in a rule can mean "replace".
11050 Replace with the most-alike.
11051 Whenever
11052 Replace only the last letter.
11053 The
11054 Replace the start of what comes afterwards.
11055 But what has two or more letters, or is
11056 Replacement is like original, except for letter-rules.
11057 Replacement of vowel when what is after it tries to change what is before it.
11060
11061
11062 When an affix dissapears, its affix-specific effects stay.
11063 Except stem-changes made by an affix replaced with
11064 Tail is what starts at last vowel.
11065 Letter before last is nexttolast.
11066 Seventh in a rule may mean "before".
11067 Fifth in a rule may mean "after it".
11068 Words in rules stand for themselves, unless they are terms.
11069
11070 Vowel with
11071 Grab from the start to the one that has the end as label after it.
11072 Rules that apply to whatever, apply to whatever-enders.
^ 
This is a talkaround. It says that sometimes the sixth ending in a rule means "replace this". Even though in ordinary Sanskrit the sixth ending means "of this".
Example. The first word
Counterexample. In rule Tita, the word
In practice, most the sixth endings in rules mean "replace", because there are many many rules of the style "replace this with that when whatever happens".
More examples --
The
The
The
^ 
When a rule replaces a letter with a list of letters, we must choose the replacement that is most like the replaced in sound, in tongue position, etc.
Example 1.
In
Example 2.
Some rule says "replace
Example 3.
Rule kuhozcu says that we have to replace
^ 
This is a talkaround rule. Explained in more detail, it teaches --
" Rules that say ' replace
Example 1. Suppose we join
Example 2. When joining
Example 3. Rule Rta::ut says "replace
Those lines are mistakes and must be fixed. I'm on it. We apologize for the inconveniences.
^ 
talkaround rule --
"when a rule tells us to replace something, it means replace the last letter of that something"
Example. The
Because of exception anekAlzit, this rule works only when the replacement has one letter. So if you want, you may remember this rule as --
"one-letter replacements replace only one letter"
See exception AdeHparasya.
See exception Gicca.
^ (Exception in advance to anekAlzi.)
The Git mentioned here are a few short replacements such as anaG AnaG
Example. Rule Rduzana says: "replace
See also exception anekAlzit.
Back to summary of replacing one letter or many .
^ Exception to alontyasya.
Rule alontyasya says "replace only the last letter". For instance, when rule hardsoft teaches "replace
Yet, because of this exception, when a rule says "replace this with that AFTER that", then only the FIRST letter is replaced.
So we always replace the letter closest to the cause of the change.
Example. Rule mAdu says: "replace matup with
See also exception anekAlzit.
Back to summary of replacing one letter or many .
^ Rules alontyasya and AdeHparasya say that replacements replace only one letter of the original (the first or the last).
However, a replacement that has more that one letter will replace all of the original. Examples --
So when rule atobhisa says "replace bhis with
And when rule TAGasi replaces Gas with
Also, a zit replacement (such as zi, ez, zI) will replace all of the original. Examples --
So when rule jazzasozziH says "replace jas with zi", all of the jas is replaced, not just the
And when liTastajhayorezirec replaces ta with ez, all of ta is replaced, not just the
Back to summary of replacing one letter or many .
^ Talkaround. A replacement inherits the labels and terms of its original.
Examples --
(1) mip is a tiG and has label
(2) ktvA is a kRt affix and has label
(3) liT is a tense. When we replace liT with tip, then tip is a tense and a liT. And when we replace that tip with Nal, then Nal is a tense, a liT, a pit, a Nit and a lit. Because Nal is a liT, rule liTca makes Nal soft. That's why Nal does not make kartarizap work.
See also exception naGitolasya.
For instance, rule atodIrghoyaJi is a letter-rule, because it only works before affixes that start with
That rule works before affixes, such as mas, that actually start with
In contrast, liTidhA is not a letter-rule, as it works before all liT affix regardless of which letter they start with.
^ 
( Please don't waste much time thinking about this rule. It just plugs a few small holes that some other rules left. )
This rule makes deleted vowels reappear in certain uncommon circumstances.
Example. In
At this point, rule liTidhA should reduplicate the root. But the root has now changed into
Here rule acaHparasmin saves the day. The liT after the lopa is trying to make a stammer before the lopa, and therefore, this lopa, which is an invisible ghostly
^ The word
So, this rule here translates to "erasing means invisibility". This explains that in some situations, whatever is "replaced with lopa" does not disappear completely, but instead is replaced with an invisible, ghostly version of itself.
Example. The affix
^ This rule does nothing, it is just a talkaround that clarifies that when any other rule says "replace with luk", it replaces a whole affix, and replaces it with something invisible, that is, with a "ghost" that cannot be pronounced.
Example 1.
Rule svamorna teaches that when we add the affix su after
This ghostly affix is nonexistent for most intents and purposes and cannot be pronounced. So we say --
Example 2.
Rule supodhA says that in certain situations, we have to replace the sup affix of the word
When rule supodhA works, this
And after that, rule naluma works, and makes
See also different kinds of nothing .
^ Example. Adding su after
(A)
(B) then this
At this point, rule halGyA replaces that
Because this
^ This
Rule pratyayalo says that all changes caused by all affixes stay after the affix is deleted. This exception says that
" When lup luk zlu replace an affix, the changes that the affix made to its stem are rolled back. "
Example.
When we join
Now, if we compound
At this point, rule nalumatAGgasya says that we must roll back the alloponaH and STunA, and we are back to
^ So the tail...
of AtAm is
of
of
of
of
^ So the nexttolast of
of
of
of
^ 
Talkaround. The seventh ending may mean "before" in a rule.
Examples with Gi --
Examples with os --
The
Examples with sup' --
Back to uses of cases in rules .
^ 
The fifth endings, GasibhyAmbhyas, in grammar rules, will almost always mean "after". Even though in the ordinary language the fifth can mean "from" or "because", but not "after". Ordinary Sanskrit for "after this" is
Examples --
Rule dIrghAt literally says "from long", which would be utter nonsense were it not for this rule, that teaches us that it means
Rule hal;Gy;A mentions "from hal, GI, Ap", meaning "after hal GI Ap".
Rule id;udbhyAm translates to "from
In a few rules, a fifth is used in its ordinary meanings of "from, because, up to" etc. For instance, rule AkaDArA has an
Back to uses of cases in rules .
^ Talkaround rule. A word in a rule stands for itself, not for other words.
Example. Rule spRzonudakekvin says "
Counterexample. Rule vRddhireci says "with vRddhi before ec". Here
This rule has exceptions. For instance, there is some rule in which
^ This rule says two things --
(1) aN'' includes similars. That is, when a rule mentions "
The sUtra
The "
(2) the word udit in this rule means just ku cu Tu tu pu. Each of these five is made of a consonant plus an
When rule coHkuH teaches "replace cu with ku", this means that we have to replace
^ Talkaround rule. This is an exception to aNuditsa, that makes a vowel in a rule mean all times -- a vowel only means its own time when it is followed by
^ This explains how to use the zivasUtra.
Example. Rule kharava mentions " khar letters". To know which letters are khar letters, you split
Now remove the label letters -- those at the end of sUtras, namely
This "AB means from A to B" principle also applies in a few cases to the tiptas list --
tiG means start at tip stop at "mahiG" -- all eighteen affixes fronm tip to mahi.
taG means start at ta stop at "mahiG" -- from ta to mahi.
and also to the svaujas list --
suT means start at su stop at "auT" -- su au jas am au
sup means start at su stop at sup'. -- all twenty-one from su to sup'.
^ talkaround. Rephrasing it --
When any rule says "whatever", it may also mean "what ends in whatever".
Rephrasing again,
' I removed the words "that ends in" from my rules, but I'm sure y'all are smart enough to know when to add them back '
Examples --
Rule kartarica says
" sixth won't compound with an
But that means
" sixth-ender won't compound with an
Rule ugidacA teaches, among other things --
But that means
" nounbases that end in an ugit get num before zi "
For some reason, grammarians refer to this yena vidhis tad-antasya rule by the nickname " tadantavidhi ".
chunk 5: 11049 rule interpretation