ato bhisa:: ais ONPANINI 71009
After a, bhis to ais.mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 709

Example --

azva- + bhis azva- + ais →vRddhireci azvais "by horses"

Counterexample --

azvA- + bhis → azvAbhis "by mares"

See also the exceptions nedamadasorakoH and bahulaJchandasi.

KAZIKA akArAntAdaGgAduttarasya bhisaH aisityayam Adezo bhavati. vRkSaiH. plakSaiH. atijarasaiH. jarAmatikrAntaiH iti vigRhya samAse kRte hrasvatve ca bhisa aisAdezo bhavati. ekadezavikRtamananyavad bhavati iti jarazabdasya jarasAdezaH. sannipAtalakSaNo vidhiranimittaM tadvighAtasya iti paribhASA iyam anityA, kaSTAya kramaNe 31014 iti nirdezAt. ataH iti kim? agnibhiH. vAyubhiH. taparakaraNaM kim? khaTvAbhiH. mAlAbhiH. etvam bhisi paratvAc cedata ais kva bhaviSyati. kRte 'pyetve bhautapUrvyAdais tu nityas tathA sati. ataH ityadhikAro jasaH zI iti yAvat.

Careful: please chant this rule with "eyess" at the end, not aihIi.

bahulaM chandasi ONPANINI 71010
Crazily in the vedas.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 710

vedic exception to atobhisa. The vedas, like cats, do whatever they want. So sometimes they have no ais after a --

devo devebhir A gamat "the god comes with the gods"

Where

deva- + bhis →bahuvacanejhalyet deve- + bhis → devebhis "with gods"

And other times they have ais after non-a --

nadI- + bhis → nadyais "with rivers"

Elsewhere than in the vedas, only devais and nadIbhis are allowed.

KAZIKA chandasi viSaye bahulamaisAdezo bhavati. ataH ityuktam, anato 'pi bhavati nadyaiH iti. ato na bhavati , devebhiH sarvebhiH proktam iti.

n' .edam;adasor akoH ONPANINI 71011
Not after k-less idam- adas- .mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 711

In other words, there is no atobhisa::ais in ebhis "with these" and amIbhis "with those". --

idam- "this" + bhis ebhis "by these"

adas- "that" + bhis amIbhis "by those"

Details:

idam- "this" + bhis →tyadAdInAmaH ida + bhis →anApyakaH an + a + bhis →halilopaH a + a + bhis →atoguNe a + bhis →bahuvacanejhalyet e + bhis → ebhis "by these"

idam- and adas- are k-less when they have not got the affix akac. When they do, they do get ais replacement --

sarvakais "all, are you sure?"

KAZIKA idam adasityetayoH akakArayoH bhisa ais na bhavati. ebhiH. amIbhiH. akoH iti kim? imakaiH. amukaiH. akoH ityetadeva pratiSedhavacanaM jJApakam tanmadhyapatitastadgrahanena gRhyate iti. idam-adasoH kAd iti n%oktam, viparIto 'pi niyamaH sambhAvyeta idamadasor eva kAd iti. tatazca iha na syAt, sarvakaiH, vizvakaiH. iha ca syAdeva, ebhiH, amIbhiH. pratiSedhakaraNaM viparItaniyamanivRttyartham.

TA;Gasi;GasAm in'-At-syAH ONPANINI 71012
(After a,) TA Gasi Gas to ina At sya'.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 712

Example of TA to ina --

vRkSa- + TA vRkSa + ina →AdguNaH vRkSena →Natvam vRkSeNa "with a tree"

Gasi to At --

vRkSa + Gasi vRkSa + At →akassa vRkSAt "from a tree"

Gas to sya' --

vRkSa + Gas vRkSa + sya' → vRkSasya "of a tree, a tree has"

KAZIKA akArAntAd aGgAd uttareSAm TA-Gasi-GasAm ina At sya ityete AdezAH bhavanti yathA-saGkhyam. TA ity etasya in'-Adezo bhavati. vRkSeNa. plakSeNa. Gasi ityetasya At. vRkSAt. plakSAt. Gasityetasya syAdezo bhavati. vRkSasya. plakSasya. ataH iti kim? sakhyA. patyA. atijarasina, atijarasAt iti kecid icchanti. yathA tu bhASye tathA na etad iSyate iti lakSyate.

Ger yaH ONPANINI 71013
Ge to ya (after a).mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 713

a plus Ge makes aya by this rule, then Aya by supica --

vRkSa- + Ge vRkSa- + ya →supica vRkSAya "to a tree"

KAZIKA Ger iti caturthy-ekavacanasya grahaNam. akArAntAd aGgAd uttarasya Ge ity etasya yaH ityayam Adezo bhavati. vRkSAya. plakSAya. ataH iti kim? sakhye. patye. sannipAtalakSaNo vidhiranimittaM tadvighAtasya iti paribhASeyam anityA, tena dIrgho bhavati.

The Ges word in the rule is Ge- + Gas, where Ge- means "the affix Ge" and the a was lost by GasiGasozca.

sarvanAmnaH smai ONPANINI 71014
( Ge) to smai after (a -ender) pronoun.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 714 pronoun

Example --

tad- + Ge →tyadAdInAmaH ta- + Ge → ta- + smai → tasmai "to that one, to him, to it"

As in --

udakaJM cakratus tasmai gRdhra-rAjAya tAv ubhau "they offered water to that king of vultures"

See also Gasi;GyoH smAt;sminau right below.

KAZIKA akArAntAt sarvanAmnaH uttarasya GeH smai ity ayam Adezo bhavati. sarvasmai. vizvasmai. yasmai. tasmai. kasmai. ataH ityeva, bhavate. atho 'tra asmai ity anvAdeze 'zAdeze ekAdezaH prApnoti? tatra antaraGgatvAd ekAdezAt pUrvaM smaibhAvaH kriyate pazcAd ekAdezaH iti.

Gasi;GyoH smAt;sminau ONPANINI 71015
(After a -ender pronoun,) Gasi Gi to smAt smin.mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 715 pronoun

Examples of Gasi to smAt --

tad- + Gasi →tyadAdInAmaH ta + Gasi tasmAt "from that, because of that, therefore"

sarva- + Gasi sarvasmAt "from every"

Examples of Gi to smin --

tad- + Gi tasmin "in that, in that place, there"

sarva- + Gi sarvasmin "in every"

kim- + Gi →tyadAdInAmaH ka + Gi kasmin "where, in which?"

As in --

tasmin vane vyAghrAH "there are tigers in that forest"

tasmin vyAghraH "the tiger is there"

Instead of kasmin, we may also say kva (see kimot and kvAti).

KAZIKA Gasi Gi ity etayor akArAntAt sarvanAmnaH uttarayoH smAt smin ity etAv Adezau bhavataH. Gasi ity etasya smAt. sarvasmAt. vizvasmAt. yasmAt. tasmAt. karmAt. Gi ity etasya smin. sarvasmin. vizvasmin. yasmin. tasmin. anyasmin. ataH ity eva, bhavataH. bhavati. sarvanAmnaH ity eva, vRkSAt. vRkSe.

jasaH zI ONPANINI 71017
jas to zI (after masculine pronouns in a).mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 716 pronoun

In other words, a of a pronoun plus jas makes e.

The z label of (z)I ensures that it can replace the whole of jas, see anekAlzit.

Examples --

sarva- m + jas sarva- + zI →AdguNaH sarve "all"

tad- m + jas →tyadAdInAmaH ta + jas ta + zI →AdguNaH te'''' "those"

There are other te words, see te disambiguation .

This te'''' is not a hanger, so it can start a sentence (unlike te'').

auGa:: ApaH ONPANINI 71018
au to ( zI) after Ap.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 717

In other words, " Ap plus au makes e".

Examples --

azva- f + au →ajAdyataSTAp azva + Ap + au →akassa azvA + au azvA + I →AdguNaH azve "two mares"

tad- f + au →tyadAdInAmaH ta + au ta + zI → te' "those two"

Which happens to sound the same as --

tad- n + au →tyadAdInAmaH ta + au →napuMsakAcca ta + zI →AdguNaH te' "those two"

KAZIKA AbantAdaGgAduttarasya auGaH zI ityayam Adezo bhavati. khaTve tiSThataH. khaTve pazya. bahurAje. karISagandhye. GakAraH sAmAnyagrahaNArthaH, auTo 'pi grahaNaM yathA syAt. aukAro 'yaM zIvidhau GidgRhIto GiccAsmAkaM na asti ko 'yaM prakAraH. sAmAnyArthas tasya ca asaJjane 'smin GitkAryaM te zyAM prasaktam sa doSaH. Gittve vidyAd varNanirdezamAtraM varNe yat syAt tac ca vidyAt tadAdau. varNazcAyam tena Gittve 'pyadoSo nirdezo 'yaM pUrvasUtreNa vA syAt.

The au(G) in the rule is the name earlier grammarians gave to the affix au, or so I'm told. Here it carries Gas. TBH, I have no clue why the rule was not worded as Ava_ApaH.

napuMsakAc ca ONPANINI 71019
( au to (z)I) after neuter.mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 718

Examples --

ziras n + au ziras + (z)I → zirasI "two heads"

madhu- n + au madhu + I →ikocivibhaktau madhun + I → madhunI "two kinds of honey"

tad- n + au →tyadAdInAmaH ta + au ta + zI →AdguNaH te' "those two"

Which happens to sound the same as --

tad- f + au →tyadAdInAmaH ta + au →auGa_ApaH ta + zI → te' "those two"

If the neuter ends in a, we will always have AdguNaH --

phala n + au phala + I →AdguNaH phale "two results"

This zI affix appears --

after all neuters, by this rule

after masculine pronouns, by jasazzI

after Ap, by auGa::ApaH

Don't confuse this zI affix with the zi affix, that has short i and appears after neuter plurals only.

KAZIKA napuMsakAd aGgAd uttarasya auGaH zI ity ayam Adezo bhavati. kuNDe tiSThataH kuNDe pazya. yasyeticeti lopaH prAptaH. zyAM pratiSedho vaktavya iti na bhavati. dadhinI. madhunI. trapuNI. jatunI.

The z label of (z)I is useless here (but useful in jasazzI).

jaH;zasoH ziH ONPANINI 71020
jas zas to zi (after neuter).mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 719

jas and zas must always be replaced with zi after a neuter.

The (z)i affix is made by this rule only. It has z label to make anekAlzit work. Do not confuse it with zI, thats has long I.

Examples --

bahupur- n + jas bahupur- n + zi → bahupuri "full of cities"

nAman- + zas nAman- n + zi →rAjAnam nAmAni "names"

If the neuter nounbase does not end in n r, rule napuMsakasyajhalacaH will usually work --

manas- + jas manas- n + zi →napuMsakasyajhalacaH manans- n + zi →sAnta manAnsi →nazcApa manAMsi "minds"

phala + jas phala + zi →napuMsakasyajhalacaH phalan + zi →rAjAnam phalAni

See also summary of prathamau after neuter .

KAZIKA napuMsakAdaGgAduttarayoH jazzasoH zi ity ayam Adezo bhavati. kuNDAni tiSthanti. kuNDAni pazya. dadhIni. madhUni. trapUNi. jatUni. jasA sahacaritasya zaso grahaNAd iha na bhavati, kuNDazo dadAti, vanzaH pravizanti iti.

aSTAbhya:: auz ONPANINI 71021
After aSTA, ( jas zas) to au(z).mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 720

The aSTA mentioned in this rule is the replacement of aSTan "eight" made by optional rule aSTana::A.

Example --

aSTan- (any gender) + jas →aSTana::A aSTA- + jas aSTA- + auz →vRddhireci aSTau "eight"

If we didn't choose to make aSTana::A work, this rule does not work --

aSTan- (any gender) + jas →SaDbhyoluk aSTan- →nalopaHprA aSTa "eight"

So, this rule may be reworded as "aSTa plus jas or zas makes aSTa or aSTau". This works in all genders. Example of neuter aSTau --

ekatazH-zyAma-karNAnAM zatAny aSTau dadasva me | hayAnAJM candra-zubhrANAGM gaccha gAlava mAciram || "Give me eight hundreds of horses, white like the moon, with one black ear each, gAlava. Leave. Now."

KAZIKA azTAbhyaH iti kRtAkAro 'STanzabdo gRhyate. tasmAduttarayoH jazzasoH auzityAdezo bhavati. aSTau tiSThanti. aSTau pazya. kRtAkArasya grahaNaM kim? aSTa tiSThanti. aSTa pazya. etadeva kRtAtvasya grahaNaM jJApakam aSTana A vibhaktAv ity Atva-vikalpasya. SaDbhyo lug ity asya ayam apavAdaH, nAprApte tasminn idam Arabhyate. yas tu supo dhAtuprAtipadikayor iti, tasmin prApte ca aprApte ca iti sa na bAdhyate, aSTaputraH, aSTabhAryaH iti. tadantagrahaNam atra iSyate. paramASTau. uttaramASTau. priyASTanaH ityatrAtvasya abhAvAdauztvaM na bhavati.

SaDbhyo luk ONPANINI 71022
After sixlike, ( jas zas) to luk.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 721

Example --

paJcan- + jas paJcan →nalopaHprA paJca "five"

As in

azvAH paJca "five horses"

KAZIKA SaTsaMjJakebhya uttarayoH jazzasor luk bhavati. SaT tiSThanti. SaT pazya. paJca. sapta. nava. daza. SaTpradhAnAt tadantAdapi bhavati. uttamaSat. yatra tu upasarjanaM SaT tato na bhavati, priyaSaSaH, priyapaJcAnaH iti.

sv;amor napuMsakAt ONPANINI 71023
su and am to ( luk) after neuter.mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 722

Examples --

madhu- n + su OR am madhu "honey"

nAman- n + su OR am nAman →nalopaHprA nAma "name"

ziras- n + su OR am ziras "head"

mahat- n + su OR am mahat "big"

As in --

lakSmaNasya ziro mahat "lakSmaNa's head is big"

See exception atom below.

KAZIKA su am ityetayoH napuMsakAduttarayoH lug bhavati. dadhi tiSThati. dadhi pazya. madhu tiSThati. madhu pazya. trapu. jatu. tadbrAhmaNakulam ityatra lukA tyadAdyatvaM 7-2-102 bAdhyate, pUrvavipratiSedhena nityatvAd vA. luko hi nimittam 'ato 'm' 7-1-24 iti lakSaNAntareNa vihanyate, na punastyadAdyatvena eva. 'yasya ca lakSaNAntareNa nimittaM vihanyate na tadanityaM bhavati' (pari. 47).

ato 'm ONPANINI 71024
After ( neuter) a, ( su and am) to am.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 723

Exception to svamorna. Examples --

phala- n + su phala- + am →amipUrvaH phalam "result, fruit"

phala- n + am phala- + am →amipUrvaH phalam "result, fruit"

KAZIKA akArAntAn napuMsakAd uttarayoH svamor am ity ayam Adezo bhavati. kuNDaM tiSThati. kuNDaM pazya. pITham. makAraH kasmAn@ na kriyate? dhIrghatvaM prApnoti.

This rule replaces am with am so that svamorna won't replace am with luk.

See replacing a thing with itself looks pointless .