ato bhisa:: ais ONPANINI 71009
After a, bhis to ais.mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 682

Example --

azva- + bhis azva- + ais →vRddhireci azvais "by horses"

See also the exceptions nedamadasorakoH and bahulaJchandasi.

Careful: chant this rule with ais, not aiH.

Will this work after A?

No. It's after a only. After Ap we get --

azvA- + bhis → azvAbhis "by mares"

Why is this rule chanted with ais not aiH? I find that final s hard to say.

Because we must replace bhis with ais, not with aiH. Replacing with aiH would not work, as sasaju won't change an H, and we would not get azvairetaiH "by these horses".

KAZIKA akArAntAdaGgAduttarasya bhisaH aisityayam Adezo bhavati. vRkSaiH. plakSaiH. atijarasaiH. jarAmatikrAntaiH iti vigRhya samAse kRte hrasvatve ca bhisa aisAdezo bhavati. ekadezavikRtamananyavad bhavati iti jarazabdasya jarasAdezaH. sannipAtalakSaNo vidhiranimittaM tadvighAtasya iti paribhASA iyam anityA, kaSTAya kramaNe 31014 iti nirdezAt. ataH iti kim? agnibhiH. vAyubhiH. taparakaraNaM kim? khaTvAbhiH. mAlAbhiH. etvam bhisi paratvAc cedata ais kva bhaviSyati. kRte 'pyetve bhautapUrvyAdais tu nityas tathA sati. ataH ityadhikAro jasaH zI iti yAvat.

bahulaM chandasi ONPANINI 71010
Crazily in the vedas.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 683

vedic rule. Exception to atobhisa. The vedas, like cats, do whatever they want. So sometimes there is no ais after a --

devo devebhir A gamat "the god comes with the gods"

deva- + bhis →bahuvacanejhalyet deve- + bhis → devebhis "with gods"

And other times there is ais after non-a --

nadI- + bhis → nadyais "with rivers"

Elsewhere than in the vedas, only devais and nadIbhis are allowed.

KAZIKA chandasi viSaye bahulamaisAdezo bhavati. ataH ityuktam, anato 'pi bhavati nadyaiH iti. ato na bhavati , devebhiH sarvebhiH proktam iti.

Ahem. Didn't you tell us that you were not going to translate any vedic rules, because you weren't interested in the vedas, and because they would just confuse us if we studied them too soon?

Correction. I shlould have said that y'all shouldn't worry about vedic rules or about accent rules. Yet you must still know that they exist, and how they work, and how they are mixed with the ordinary rules. So I translated a few. Just don't memorize them, okay? That'd be a waste of good neuron. I do this with rule ze too.

n' .edam;adasor akoH ONPANINI 71011
Not after k-less idam- adas- .mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 684

there is no atobhisa::ais in ebhis "with these" and amIbhis "with those". --

idam- "this" + bhis ebhis "by these"

adas- "that" + bhis amIbhis "by those"

Details:

idam- "this" + bhis →tyadAdInAmaH ida + bhis →anApyakaH an + a + bhis →halilopaH a + a + bhis →atoguNe a + bhis →bahuvacanejhalyet e + bhis → ebhis "by these"

Why do we say "k-less"?

These only have k when they get akac. If we are planning to add akac afterwards, this exception won't work, so we get imais and adais by the usual rules, and after that we add the akac --

imakais

adakais

Wait. A rule that predicts the future?

Yessir. Good thing pANini doesn't do this often.

TA;Gasi;GasAm in'-At-syAH ONPANINI 71012
(After a,) TA Gasi Gas to ina At sya'.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 685

Example of TA to ina --

vRkSa- + TA vRkSa + ina →AdguNaH vRkSena →Natvam vRkSeNa "with a tree"

Gasi to At --

vRkSa + Gasi vRkSa + At →akassa vRkSAt "from a tree"

Gas to sya' --

vRkSa + Gas vRkSa + sya' → vRkSasya "of a tree, a tree has"

KAZIKA akArAntAd aGgAd uttareSAm TA-Gasi-GasAm ina At sya ityete AdezAH bhavanti yathA-saGkhyam. TA ity etasya in'-Adezo bhavati. vRkSeNa. plakSeNa. Gasi ityetasya At. vRkSAt. plakSAt. Gasityetasya syAdezo bhavati. vRkSasya. plakSasya. ataH iti kim? sakhyA. patyA. atijarasina, atijarasAt iti kecid icchanti. yathA tu bhASye tathA na etad iSyate iti lakSyate.

Ger yaH ONPANINI 71013
Ge to ya (after a).mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 686

a plus Ge makes aya by this rule, then Aya by supica --

vRkSa- + Ge vRkSa- + ya →supica vRkSAya "to a tree"

KAZIKA Ger iti caturthy-ekavacanasya grahaNam. akArAntAd aGgAd uttarasya Ge ity etasya yaH ityayam Adezo bhavati. vRkSAya. plakSAya. ataH iti kim? sakhye. patye. sannipAtalakSaNo vidhiranimittaM tadvighAtasya iti paribhASeyam anityA, tena dIrgho bhavati.

What's that Ges word in the sUtra?

It means "replace Ge", by SaSThIsthAneyogA. It was made from Ge + Gas, losing the a by GasiGasozca (the same rule that makes go- + Gas into gos).

If Ges means "replace Ge", how come "replace Ge" is just Ge in rule Geprathamayoram, without the s?

I wish I knew.

sarvanAmnaH smai ONPANINI 71014
( Ge) to smai after (a -ender) pronoun.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 687 pronoun

Example --

tad- + Ge →tyadAdInAmaH ta- + Ge → ta- + smai → tasmai "to that one, to him, to it"

As in --

udakaJM cakratus tasmai gRdhra-rAjAya tAv ubhau "they offered water to that king of vultures"

See also Gasi;GyoH smAt;sminau right below.

KAZIKA akArAntAt sarvanAmnaH uttarasya GeH smai ity ayam Adezo bhavati. sarvasmai. vizvasmai. yasmai. tasmai. kasmai. ataH ityeva, bhavate. atho 'tra asmai ity anvAdeze 'zAdeze ekAdezaH prApnoti? tatra antaraGgatvAd ekAdezAt pUrvaM smaibhAvaH kriyate pazcAd ekAdezaH iti.

Gasi;GyoH smAt;sminau ONPANINI 71015
(After a -ender pronoun,) Gasi Gi to smAt smin.mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 688 pronoun

Examples of Gasi to smAt --

tad- + Gasi →tyadAdInAmaH ta + Gasi tasmAt "from that, because of that, therefore"

sarva- + Gasi sarvasmAt "from every"

Examples of Gi to smin --

tad- + Gi tasmin "in that, in that place, there"

sarva- + Gi sarvasmin "in every"

kim- + Gi →tyadAdInAmaH ka + Gi kasmin "where, in which?"

As in --

tasmin vane vyAghrAH "there are tigers in that forest"

tasmin vyAghraH "the tiger is there"

Instead of kasmin, we may also say kva (see kimot and kvAti).

KAZIKA Gasi Gi ity etayor akArAntAt sarvanAmnaH uttarayoH smAt smin ity etAv Adezau bhavataH. Gasi ity etasya smAt. sarvasmAt. vizvasmAt. yasmAt. tasmAt. karmAt. Gi ity etasya smin. sarvasmin. vizvasmin. yasmin. tasmin. anyasmin. ataH ity eva, bhavataH. bhavati. sarvanAmnaH ity eva, vRkSAt. vRkSe.

jasaH zI ONPANINI 71017
jas to zI (after masculine pronouns in a).mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 689 pronoun

In other words, a of a pronoun plus jas makes e.

The z label of (z)I ensures that it can replace the whole of jas, see anekAlzit.

Examples --

sarva- m + jas sarva- + zI →AdguNaH sarve "all"

tad- m + jas →tyadAdInAmaH ta + jas ta + zI →AdguNaH te'''' "those"

There are other te words, see te disambiguation .

This te'''' is not a hanger, so it can start a sentence (unlike te'').

auGa:: ApaH ONPANINI 71018
au to ( zI) after Ap.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 690

Same thing as saying that Ap and au add up to e.

Example --

azva- f + au →ajAdyataSTAp azva + Ap + au →akassa azvA + au azvA + I →AdguNaH azve "two mares"

KAZIKA AbantAdaGgAduttarasya auGaH zI ityayam Adezo bhavati. khaTve tiSThataH. khaTve pazya. bahurAje. karISagandhye. GakAraH sAmAnyagrahaNArthaH, auTo 'pi grahaNaM yathA syAt. aukAro 'yaM zIvidhau GidgRhIto GiccAsmAkaM na asti ko 'yaM prakAraH. sAmAnyArthas tasya ca asaJjane 'smin GitkAryaM te zyAM prasaktam sa doSaH. Gittve vidyAd varNanirdezamAtraM varNe yat syAt tac ca vidyAt tadAdau. varNazcAyam tena Gittve 'pyadoSo nirdezo 'yaM pUrvasUtreNa vA syAt.

What does that auGas in the rule mean?

"Replace TA", by SaSThIsthA. auG is a name of TA used by earlier grammarians.

Why didn't pAnini use auG + Gas when TA + Gas would have worked?

I'm not sure. For some reason pANini seems reluctant to add Gas or other sup after terms that end in A. Rule atoyeyaH should logically have yA- + Gas + iyas inside, but instead there is just yeyaH, from yA + iyas.

napuMsakAc ca ONPANINI 71019
( au to zI) after neuter.mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 691

The z label of (z)I is useless here (but useful in jasazzI).

Examples --

ziras n + au ziras + (z)I → zirasI "two heads"

madhu- n + au madhu + I →ikocivibhaktau madhun + I → madhunI "two kinds of honey"

If the neuter ends in a, we will always have AdguNaH --

phala n + au phala + I →AdguNaH phale "two results"

This zI affix appears --

after all neuters, by this rule

after masculine pronouns, by jasazzI

after Ap, by auGa::ApaH

Don't confuse this zI affix with the zi affix, that has short i and appears after neuter plurals only.

KAZIKA napuMsakAd aGgAd uttarasya auGaH zI ity ayam Adezo bhavati. kuNDe tiSThataH kuNDe pazya. yasyeticeti lopaH prAptaH. zyAM pratiSedho vaktavya iti na bhavati. dadhinI. madhunI. trapuNI. jatunI.

I have a doubt about phala + zI. Doesn't rule yasyetica say that we should erase a before all weak I affixes, including zI?

Well. The rule actually does say that. But in fact pANini intended that rule to work only before GI, not before zI.

jaH;zasoH ziH ONPANINI 71020
jas zas to zi (after neuter).mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 692

jas and zas must always be replaced with zi after a neuter.

The (z)i affix is made by this rule only. It has z label to make anekAlzit work. Do not confuse it with zI, thats has long I.

Examples --

bahupur- n + jas bahupur- n + zi → bahupuri "full of cities"

nAman- + zas nAman- n + zi →rAjAnam nAmAni "names"

If the neuter nounbase does not end in n r, rule napuMsakasyajhalacaH will usually work --

manas- + jas manas- n + zi →napuMsakasyajhalacaH manans- n + zi →sAnta manAnsi →nazcApa manAMsi "minds"

phala + jas phala + zi →napuMsakasyajhalacaH phalan + zi →rAjAnam phalAni

See also summary of prathamau after neuter .

KAZIKA napuMsakAdaGgAduttarayoH jazzasoH zi ity ayam Adezo bhavati. kuNDAni tiSthanti. kuNDAni pazya. dadhIni. madhUni. trapUNi. jatUni. jasA sahacaritasya zaso grahaNAd iha na bhavati, kuNDazo dadAti, vanzaH pravizanti iti.

aSTAbhya:: auz ONPANINI 71021
After aSTA, ( jas zas) to au(z).mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 693

The aSTA mentioned in this rule is the replacement of aSTan "eight" made by optional rule aSTana::A.

Example --

aSTan- (any gender) + jas →aSTana::A aSTA- + jas aSTA- + auz →vRddhireci aSTau "eight"

If we didn't choose to make aSTana::A work, this rule does not work --

aSTan- (any gender) + jas →SaDbhyoluk aSTan- →nalopaHprA aSTa "eight"

So, this rule may be reworded as "aSTa plus jas or zas makes aSTa or aSTau". This works in all genders. Example of neuter aSTau --

ekatazH-zyAma-karNAnAM zatAny aSTau dadasva me | hayAnAJM candra-zubhrANAGM gaccha gAlava mAciram || "Give me eight hundreds of horses, white like the moon, with one black ear each, gAlava. Leave. Now."

KAZIKA azTAbhyaH iti kRtAkAro 'STanzabdo gRhyate. tasmAduttarayoH jazzasoH auzityAdezo bhavati. aSTau tiSThanti. aSTau pazya. kRtAkArasya grahaNaM kim? aSTa tiSThanti. aSTa pazya. etadeva kRtAtvasya grahaNaM jJApakam aSTana A vibhaktAv ity Atva-vikalpasya. SaDbhyo lug ity asya ayam apavAdaH, nAprApte tasminn idam Arabhyate. yas tu supo dhAtuprAtipadikayor iti, tasmin prApte ca aprApte ca iti sa na bAdhyate, aSTaputraH, aSTabhAryaH iti. tadantagrahaNam atra iSyate. paramASTau. uttaramASTau. priyASTanaH ityatrAtvasya abhAvAdauztvaM na bhavati.

SaDbhyo luk ONPANINI 71022
After sixlike, ( jas zas) to luk.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 694

Example --

paJcan- + jas paJcan →nalopaHprA paJca "five"

As in

azvAH paJca "five horses"

KAZIKA SaTsaMjJakebhya uttarayoH jazzasor luk bhavati. SaT tiSThanti. SaT pazya. paJca. sapta. nava. daza. SaTpradhAnAt tadantAdapi bhavati. uttamaSat. yatra tu upasarjanaM SaT tato na bhavati, priyaSaSaH, priyapaJcAnaH iti.

sv;amor napuMsakAt ONPANINI 71023
su and am to ( luk) after neuter.mmmmmmmmm ^ M+ C+ 695

Examples --

madhu- n + su OR am madhu "honey"

nAman- n + su OR am nAman →nalopaHprA nAma "name"

ziras- n + su OR am ziras "head"

mahat- n + su OR am mahat "big"

As in --

lakSmaNasya ziro mahat "lakSmaNa's head is big"

See exception atom below.

KAZIKA su am ityetayoH napuMsakAduttarayoH lug bhavati. dadhi tiSThati. dadhi pazya. madhu tiSThati. madhu pazya. trapu. jatu. tadbrAhmaNakulam ityatra lukA tyadAdyatvaM 7-2-102 bAdhyate, pUrvavipratiSedhena nityatvAd vA. luko hi nimittam 'ato 'm' 7-1-24 iti lakSaNAntareNa vihanyate, na punastyadAdyatvena eva. 'yasya ca lakSaNAntareNa nimittaM vihanyate na tadanityaM bhavati' (pari. 47).

ato 'm ONPANINI 71024
After ( neuter) a, ( su and am) to am.mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 696

Exception to svamorna. Examples --

phala- n + su phala- + am →amipUrvaH phalam "result, fruit"

phala- n + am phala- + am →amipUrvaH phalam "result, fruit"

KAZIKA akArAntAn napuMsakAd uttarayoH svamor am ity ayam Adezo bhavati. kuNDaM tiSThati. kuNDaM pazya. pITham. makAraH kasmAn@ na kriyate? dhIrghatvaM prApnoti.

Wait. In your last example, you are replacing am with am. Isn't that the same thing as not doing anything at all?

It is, yes.

But that feels wrong. You might have translated the rule as "after neuter a, su to am ", instead.

That wouldn't have worked. Such a wording would have made svamorna work on phala + am.

Oh. Then, you might have translated the rule as "after neuter a, su to am, and am stays".

Indeed I might have. You too may translate it that way if you want.