73101 some sup-changing rules ←
→ 74070 changes in stammers, word repetition
74001 Shorten the nexttolast before
74007
74010
74011
74012
74016 -enders and
74017
74020
74021
74022
74025 Lengthen before
74026 before
74028
74029 Replace
74032
74033 before
74040
74042
74046
74047 After a vowel preverb, with
74048
74049
74050 Chop
74051 Chop
74052
74054 Before
74055 of
74056 of
74057 of objectless
74058 And delete the stammer.
74059 Shorten .
74060 Consonant at start stays.
74061 But the stop after
74062
74066
74069 Lengthen of
This special shortening makes Nijanta roots like
kR + Nic + luG tip aT +
Why did sanyataH work here? We are not before san.
Because rule sanvalla made the caG be san-like.
KAZIKA aGgasya iti vartate. caGpare Nau yad aGgam, tasya upadhAyA hrasvo bhavati. acIkarat. ajIharat. alIlavat. apIpavat. atra dvirvacanopadhA-hrasvatvayoH prAptayoH paratvAd upadhAhrasvatvam, tatra kRte dvirvacanam. iha tu mA bhavAnaTiTatiti nityatvAd dvitIyasya dvirvacanaM prApnoti, tathA sati hrasvabhAvino 'Ggasya akArasya upadhAtvaM vihitam iti hrasvo na syAt? naiSa doSaH. oNeH Rdit karaNaM jJApakaM nityam api dvirvacanam upadhA-hrasvatvena bAdhyate iti. Nau iti kim? caGy upadhAyA hrasvaH ity ucyamAne alIlavat ity atra vacana-sAmarthyAd antaraGgAm api vRddhim AdezaM ca bAdhitvA hrasvaH syAt. adIdapatityatra hrasvatvena puko bAdhaH syAt. apIpacad ity evam Adautu naiva syAt. caGi iti kim? kArayati. hArayati. upadhAyA iti kim? acakAGkSat. avavAJchat. tadedadupadhAgrahaNam uttarArtham avazyaM kartavyaM tad iha api hrasvatvaM nivartayati ityevam arthaM yena na avyavadhAnam ityetannAzrayitavyam iti. upadhA-hrasvatve NerNicyupasaGkhyAnam. vaditvantaM prayojitavAn avIvadat vINAM parivAdakena. yo 'sau Nau Nilopas tasya sthAnivadbhAvena aglopitvAt aGgasya hrasvo na prApnoti. NyAkRtinirdezAt siddham.
When we choose not to apply this optional rule, nexttolast
With the nichclass root
and the
and the
However, this rule says that we may choose to not apply those other rules, and when we don't, we replace
Small details --
Notice that sanyataH worked here because sanvalla says that
KAZIKA Nau caGi upadhAyAH RvarNasya sthAne vA RkArAdezo bhavati. irarArAm apavAdaH. ir acikIrtat, acIkRtat. ar avavartat, avIvRtat. Ar amamArjat, amImRjat. vacanasAmarthyAdantaraGgA api irarAro bAdhyante. taprakaraNaM dIrghe 'pi sthAnini hrasva eva yathA syAt, acIkRtatiti. na ca ayaM bhAvyamAnaH, kintu AdezAntaranivRttyarthaM svarUpam eva etadabhyanujJAyate.
As in --
Rule guNorti also makes
Why do we say "clusterstarter"?
This won't work on
The Rcchati mentioned here is the root 06.0016
Examples --
But that one has
As far as I know,
KAZIKA Rcchater aGgasya, R ity etasya, RRkArAntAnAM ca liTi parato guNo na bhavati. Rccha Anarccha, AnarcchatuH, AnarcchuH. R AratuH, AruH. RRkArAntAnAm nicakaratuH, nicakaruH. nijagaratuH, nijagaruH. Rccher alaghUpadhatvAd aprApto guNo vidhIyate, RRtAM tu pratiSiddhaH. vRddhi-viSaye tu pUrvavipratiSedhena vRddhir eva iSyate. nicakAra. nijagAra.
Rule RcchatyRRtAm right above ordinarily replaces
But these three roots may optionally replace with
Why does this rule bother to say "to short"? Had it been worded as just
Good thinking. Yet, that wouldn't have worked, as we don't want RRta:: id dhAtoH and hali ca to kick in.
KAZIKA zRR dRR pRR ityeteSAM aGgAnAM liTi parato vA hrasvo bhavati. zRR vizazratuH, vizazruH. vizazaratuH, vizazaruH. dRR vidadratuH, vidadruH. vidadaratuH, vidadaruH. pRR nipapratuH, nipapruH. nipaparatuH, nipaparuH. hrasvavacanam itvotvanivRttyartham. kecidetat sUtraM pratyAcakSate. zrA pAke, drA kutsAyAM gatau, prA pUraNe ityeteSAm anekArthA dhAtavaH iti zRRdRRprAmarthe vartamAnAnAM vizazratuH, vizazruH, vidadratuH, vidadruH, nipapratuH, nipapruH ityetAni rUpANi sAdhayanti. tathA ca sati kvasau vizazRvAnityetad rUpaM na syAt.
Exception to kGitica.
Ordinarily, aG and aG', because of kGitica, don't cause guNa replacement --
sic' + luG tip
This exception says that aG and aG' will still replace with
dRz + luG tip →
and also all rootfinal
kR +
KAZIKA RvarNAntAnAM dRzez ca aGi parato guNo bhavati. zakalAGguSThako 'karat. ahaM tebhyo 'karaM namaH. asarat. Arat. jarA. dRzeH adarzat, adarzatAm, adarzan.
Example --
as' + luG tip →
Similarly
KAZIKA asyater aGgasya thugAgamo bhavati aGi parataH. Asthat, AsthatAm, Asthan.
The root
This rule turns
Examples --
All my examples here have kGit affixes, as before non- kGit, hardsoft would have made
Examples --
ze +
This rule won't work before liT, because liTca makes liT soft --
Why didn't aciznu work on
Exception eranekAco.
This rule will work before soft only, because zIGassArvadhAtukeguNaH makes ze before all hards.
So before soft
zIG + bhAve laT ta →
Examples
before yak --
zrUya
as in
before yaG --
before kyaG --
But there is no lengthening before other
pra +
KAZIKA akRdyakAre asArvadhAtukayakAre ca kGiti parato 'jantasya aGgasya dIrgho bhavati. bhRzAyate. sukhAyate. duHkhAyate. cIyate. cecIyate. stUyate. toSTUyate. cIyAt. stUyAt. akRtiti kim? prakRtya. prahRtya. paratvAt dIrghatvena tuko bAdhaH syAt. asArvadhAtuke iti kim? cinuyAt. sunuyAt. kGiti ityeva, uruyA. dhRSNuyA.
What's the literal translation of this rule?
Including trickle and rewording a bit, it says -- "lengthen before non- kRt soft kGit affixes that start with
What about the yaGluk?
It doesn't start with
In your
Oopsie sorry. I forgot to mention that. In fact, it did work. I should have added this --
Examples --
See also asyacvau.
KAZIKA cvi-pratyaye parato 'jantasya aGgasya dIrgho bhavati. zucIkaroti. zucIbhavati. zucIsyAt. paTUkaroti. paTUbhavati. paTUsyAt.
Roots made of one consonant plus
Before za, this is an exception to
yak --
liG --
This won't work when
KAZIKA RkArAntasya aGgasya za yak ityetayoH liGi ca yakArAdau asArvadhAtuke parato riG ityayam Adezo bhavati. za - Adriyate. Adhriyate. yak - kriyate. hriyate. liG - kriyAt. hriyAt. riGvacanaM dIrghanivRttyartham. asArvadhAtuke ityeva - bibhRyAt. yi ityeva - kRSISTa. hRSISTa.
What about other
See next rule.
Why is the replacement called
So that it does not replace the whole root. See Gicca.
Why do you translate " flat soft liG" when the original just says liG? This rule gets " soft" from the trickle, but not " flat".
We are getting the trickle word
Previous rule replaces the
Examples with arti --
Examples with
Previous rule says za yak liG, but you only translated yak liG here. Shouldn't za be trickling too?
Actually it is. But that isn't worth translating, as none of the zaclass roots is made of a cluster plus
Examples --
See also cvauca.
KAZIKA I iti vartate. acarNAntasya aGgasya cvau parataH IkArAdezo bhavati. zuklIbhavati. zuklIsyAt. khaTvIkaroti. khaTvIsyAt.
Examples --
putrIya "want to have a son"
KAZIKA asya iti vartate. kyaci parataH avarNAntasya aGgasya IkArAdezo bhavati. putrIyati. ghaTIyati. khaTvIyati. mAlIyati. akRtsArvadhAtukayor dIrghaH 7-4-24 ityasya apavAdaH. pRthagyogakaraNam uttarArtham.
Examples --
ava +
KAZIKA dyati syAti mA sthA ity eteSAm aGgAnAm ikAr'-Adezo bhavati takArAdau kiti pratyaye parataH. dyati tirditaH. nirditavAn. syati avasitaH. avasitavAn. mA mitaH. mitavAn. sthA sthitaH. sthitavAn. ti iti kim? avadAya. kiti iti kim? avadAtA.
Only examples --
dhA + kta →
KAZIKA dadhAter aGgasya hi ity ayam Adezo bhavati takAr´Adau kiti pratyaye parataH. hitaH. hitavAn. hitvA.
Replace the
Why do we say ghu roots?
The
How do you know that the second nounbase in the original rule is
The kAzikA clears away that doubt. Read it carefully.
KAZIKA dA ityetasya ghu-saMjJakasya dad ity ayam Adezo bhavati takArAdau kiti pratyaya parataH. dattaH. dattavAn. dattiH. daH iti kim? dhItaH. dhItavAn. dheTaH etad rUpam. ghoH iti kim? dAp lavane dAtaM barhiH. daip zodhane avadAtam mukham. ayam AdezaH thAntaH iSyate. evaM hy uktam tAnte doSo dIrghatvaM syAd dAnte doSo niSThAnatvam. dhAnte doSo dhatva-prApti-sthAnte 'doSas tasmAt thAntam. yadi tu dasti iti takArAdau dIrghatvaM tadA tAnte 'pi adoSaH. dAntadhAntayor api sannipAtalakSaNo vidhiranimittaM tad-vighAtasya iti natva-dhatve na bhaviSyataH iti na doSaH. avadattaM vidattam ca pradattaM cAdikarmaNi. sudattam anudattaM ca nidattam iti ceSyate. aca upasargAt taH iti prApte nipAtyante. anupasargA vA ete avAdayaH kriyAntara-viSayA veditavyAH.
Examples --
pra +
AG +
This won't work after non- preverbs --
(Where datta- is dA + kta, with dodadghoH)
And won't work after a preverb that ends in a consonant --
And won't work after
KAZIKA ajantAdupasargAduttarasya dA ityetasya ghusaMjJakasya ta ityayamAdezo bhavati takArAdau kiti. prattam. avattam. nIttam. parIttam. acaH iti kim? nirdattam. durdattam. upasargAtiti kim? dadhi dattam. madhu dattam. ghoH ityeva, avadAtam mukham. upasargAtiti paccamInirdezAdAderalaH prApnoti? tatra samAdhimAhuH. acaH ityetad dvirAvartayitavyam, tatra ekaM paccamyantaM upasargavizeSaNArtham, aparamapi SaSThyantaM sthAninirdezartham ityAkArasya sthAne takAro bhavati. dvitakAro vA saMyogo'yamAdizyate, so'nekAltvAt sarvasya bhaviSyati. apo bhi 74048 ityatra paJcamyantamacaH ityanuvartate. tena pakAramAtrasya bhaviSyati. dyaterittvAdacasta ityetad bhavati vipratiSedhena. avattam. prattaM juhoti.
Only examples --
ap- + bhis
ap- + bhis
KAZIKA ab ity etasyAGgasya bhakArAdau pratyaye parataH ta ityayam Adezo bhavati. adbhiH. adbhyaH. bhi iti kim? apsu. svavaHsvatavasormAsa uSasazca takArAdeza iSyate chandasi bhakArAdau. svavadbhiH. svatavadbhiH. mAdbhiriSTvA indro vRtrahA. samuSadbhirajAyathAH.
Shouldn't this work before bhyAm too?
Yes, but ap- is only used before plural sup.
You mistranslated. Doesn't the original rule tell us to replace with
It does. But jhalAMjazonte always turns that
Example before sya --
before sic --
before san --
ghas + san
What happens before hard
Nothing --
Example with tAs --
Example with as --
Why doesn't the word "before soft" trickle here from previous sutra?
That would make the rule useless, because no
Only four examples --
tAs + tas → tArau
tAs + jhi → tAras
Some verbs made with these --
As in
as + laT iT' →
A verb "
As far as I know that only happens in vi + ati + as, allowed by kartarikarmavyatihAre. As in --
This changes the root vowel into
In the other roots, the
There is no reduplication, because of atralopo.
So we say --
KAZIKA sani pratyaye sakArAdau parataH mI mA ghu rabha labha zaka pata pada ityeteSAm aGgAnAm acaH sthAne isityayam Adezo bhavati. mI iti mInAtiminotyoH dvayor api grahaNam iSyate. mitsati. pramitsati. mA iti gAmAdAgrahaNeSu avizeSaH. mitsate. apamitsate. ghu ditsati. dhitsati. rabha Aripsate. labha Alipsate. zaka zikSati. pat pitsati. pada prapitsate. sani iti kim? dAsyati. si ityeva, pipatiSati. tani-pati.daridrANAm upasaGkhyAnam iti pateH iD-Agama-vikalpaH. sani rAdho hiMsAyAm aca is vaktavyaH. pratiritsati. hiMsAyAm iti kim? ArirAtsati.
Why didn't sanyaGoH add a stammer, as usual before san?
It did, but exception atra lopo 'bhyAsasya below ate it.
Exception to previous rule sanimImA, that would have replaced with
All examples --
There is no stammer, because of atra lopo 'bhyAsasya.
KAZIKA Ap jJapi Rdha ity eteSAm aGgAnAm aca IkArAdezo bhavati sani sakArAdau parataH. Ab Ipsati. jJapi jJIpsati. RdH Irtsati. jJapeH dvAvacau, tatra NeH pUrvavipratiSedhena lopaH, itarasya tu Itvam. sani ityeva, prApsyati. si ityeva, jijJapayiSati. ardidhiSati. sanIvantardha iti jJapeH Rdhezca iTo vikaopaH.
The vowel of
Only examples --
The stammer disappeared by atra lopo 'bhyAsasya.
Because of sanIvantardhabhrasjadambhuzrisvRyUrNubharajJapisanAm, san becomes iSan optionally after
Here an-iditA did not work because iSan is not kGit (see halantAcca).
KAZIKA dambheH aca ikArAdezo bhavati, cakArAtIt ca sani sakArAdau parataH. dhipsati, dhIpsati. si ityeva, didambhiSati.
If aniditA works on
halantAcca did.
san is kit after
There is no stammer, because of atra lopo 'bhyAsasya.
If we don't take this option --
KAZIKA muco 'karmakasya guNo vA bhavati sani sakArAdau parataH. halantAc ceti kittva-pratiSedho vikalpyate. mokSate vatsaH svayam eva, mumukSate vatsaH svayam eva. akarmakasya iti kim? mumukSati vatsaM devadattaH. karmakartari mucir akarmako bhavati, karma-vizeSasya avivakSitAd vA.
The previous four rules, namely --
delete the stammer. See examples under each rule.
KAZIKA yadetat prakrAntaM sani mImA ityAdi muco 'karmakasya iti yAvat, atra abhyAsalopo bhavati. tathaiva udAhRtam. abhyAsasya ityetac ca achikRtaM veditavyam A adhyAyaparisamApteH. ita uttaraM yad vakSyAmaH abhyAsasya ityevaM tad veditavyam. vakSyati, hrasvaH DuDhaukiSate. tutraukiSate. sani mImAdhurabhalabhazakapatapadAmaca is, abhyAsalopazca, ityevam siddhe yadatragrahanam iha akriyate, tad viSayAvadhAraNArtham, atraiva abhyAsalopo bhavati, sanvadbhAvaviSaye na bhavati. amImapat. adIdapat. sanvallaghuni caGpare 'naglope iti sanvadbhAvAt prApnoti. sarvasya abhyAsasya ayaM lopaH iSyate, tadartham eva kecitatragrahaNaM varNayanti. nAnarthake 'lo 'ntyavidhiH ityapare sarvasya kurvanti.
Examples --
Because of eca::igghra, shortening an ec makes
KAZIKA hrasvo bhavati abhyAsasya. duDhaukiSate. tutraukiSate. DuDhauke. tutrauke. aDuDhaukat. atutraukat. abhyAsasya anaci. abhyAsasya yaducyate anaci tad bhavati iti vaktavyam. carAcaraH. calAcalaH. patApataH. vadAvadaH. halAdiH zeSo na bhavati.
In other words: " trash all the consonants of the stammer, except the one that is at the beginning, if any. "
Examples --
See exception zarpUrvAH below.
KAZIKA abhyAsasya halAdiH ziSyate, anAdir lupyate. jaglau. mamlau. papAca. papATha. ATa, ATatuH, ATuH. AdizeSanimitto 'yam anAder lopo vidhIyate, tatra abhyAsajAteH AzrayaNAt kvacidapi vartamAno halAdiH anadeH sarvatra nivRttiM karoti. apare tu bruvate, zeSazabdo 'yaM nivRttyA viziSTam avasthAnam Aha. tadavasthAnam uktito yadyapi pradhAnam, avidheyatvAt tu tadapradhAnam. nivRttireva tu vidheyatvAt pradhAnam. tatra ayam artho 'sya jAyate, abhyAsasya anAder halo nivRttiH bhavati iti. sA kim iti AderavidheyAM satIm anivRttim apekSiSyate iti.
Why did hardsoft turn
hardsoft did not work there. Click the arrow between
Exception to halAdizzeSaH --
" If a stammer starts with zar plus stop, only the stop stays, and the other consonants are removed. "
For instance, the stammer
And
This rule applies only to roots that startwith zar plus stop. The roots with a stop before a zar reduplicate normally --
and so do the ones that start with zar plus non- stop --
KAZIKA abhyAsasya zarpUrvAH khayaH ziSyante, anye halo lupyante. cuzcyotiSati. tiSThAsati. pispandiSate. zarpUrvAH iti kim? papAca. khayaH iti kim? sasnau. kharpUrvAH khaya iti vaktavyam. ucicchiSati ity atra uccheH antaraGgatvAt tuki kRte dvirvacanam, tatra halAdiH zeSe sati abhyAse takAraH zrUyeta.
When a stammer has
Example with a
cikSip
As in --
With a
As in --
KAZIKA abhyAsasya kavargahakArayoH cavargAdezo bhavati. cakAra. cakhAna. jagAma. jaghAna. hakArasya jahAra. jihIrSati. jahau.
The rule teaches "replace
No. If you are pronouncing your
Examples --
(See also exceptions sanyataH sanvalla artipipartyozca.)
Wait. You mistranslated. While discussing rule uraNra, you said that this rule must be translated as "
Do'h. Yer rite. I stand corrected. Yes, uraNra worked. Above, I should have written this --
Examples before atus us, that are kit by asaMyogAlliTkit --
iN' + atus →
iN' + us
Counterexamples before Nal thal, that are akit --
iN' + Nal →
iN' + thal →
KAZIKA iNo 'Ggasya yo 'bhyAsaH tasya dIrgho bhavati kiti liTi parataH. IyatuH, IyuH. iNo yaNN iti yaNAdeze kRte sthAnivadbhAvAd dvirvacanam. kiti iti kim? iyAya. iyayitha.
In the
Rule acaHparasmin makes that
Why didn't iNoyaN work before Nal and ithal? They too start with vowels.
73101 some sup-changing rules ←