about "this" and "that"mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 1053

These nounbases mean "this" --

idam- "this"

etad- "this"

These nounbases mean "that" --

tad- "that"

adas- "that"

tyad- "that" -- rarely used outside of the veda

etad- "this"mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 1054

etad- means "this", same as idam-. Grammatically, it works exactly like tad-, but with an e added in front --

tad- n + su →svamorna tad "this"

tad vezma "that house"

etad vezma "this house"

That added e appears to cause kric in front of sas sA --

tad- m + su → sas m "that"

eSas m "this"

sA f "that"

eSA f "this"

siMhy eSA "this lioness"

etattado works on eSas --

siMha:: eSaH "this lion"

eSa siMhaH "this lion"

When meaning "this", etad- is used less often than idam-. But you'll hear a lot of etad- in the sense of "look!, here it is!, here you have!, voilà!" --

siMha:: eSaH "look, here's the lion!"

Back to about "this" and "that" .

tad- "that".mmmmmmmmm ^ M- C+ 1055

Properly speaking, tad- only means "that", ie it is used to refer to what is not nearby.

Yet, you should often translate tad- as "the", "he", "she", "it", "they", if that makes better English.

Notice that Sanskrit does not have words that exactly translate "he she it they". To mean third persons, you preferentially use no pronoun at all --

carati "he / she walks"

or pronouns meaning "this" or "that", as in --

sa carati "that one walks, he walks"

sA carati "that one walks, she walks"

eSa carati "this one walks, he walks"

eSA carati "this one walks, she walks"

Back to about "this" and "that" .

yuSmad- asmad- tables.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 1057

These tables show the nounbases yuSmad- "you" and asmad- "I, we" combined with the twenty-one sup affixes. The greens link to the rules that make each form.

Table of yuSmad- "you".

tvam yuvAm yUyam yuSmad- asmad- with first

tvAm yuvAm yuSmAn yuSmad- asmad- with second

tvayA yuvAbhyAm yuSmAbhis yuSmad- asmad- with third

tubhyam yuvAbhyAm yuSmabhyam yuSmad- asmad- with fourth

tvattas tvat yuvAbhyAm yuSmattas yuSmat yuSmad- asmad- with fifth

tava yuvayos yuSmAkam yuSmad- asmad- with sixth

tvayi yuvayos yuSmAsu yuSmad- asmad- with seventh

hanger forms --

amauTchaS

tvA vAm vas

GebhyAmbhyas and GasosAm

te vAm vas

vAm'' from yuSmadasmadoSSa

vas'' from bahuvacanevas;nasau

te'' from temayAvekavacanasya

tvA'' from tvAmau

table for yuSmad at inria declension

Table of asmad- "I, we, me, us".

aham AvAm vayam yuSmad- asmad- with first

mAm AvAm asmAn yuSmad- asmad- with second

mayA AvAbhyAm asmAbhis yuSmad- asmad- with third

mahyam AvAbhyAm asmabhyam yuSmad- asmad- with fourth

mattas mat AvAbhyAm asmattas asmat yuSmad- asmad- with fifth

mama Avayos asmAkam yuSmad- asmad- with sixth

mayi Avayos asmAsu yuSmad- asmad- with seventh

hanger forms --

amauTchaS

mA nau nas

GebhyAmbhyas and GasosAm

me nau nas

nau'' from yuSmadasmadoSSa

nas'' from bahuvacanevas;nasau

me'' from temayAvekavacanasya

mA'' from tvAmau

table for asmad at inria declension

yuSmad- asmad- with fourth.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 1061

These rules make tubhyam mahyam yuSmabhyam asmabhyam

Geprathama

tubhyamahyWGayi

bhyasobhyam

yuvAbhyam AvAbhyam come from yuSmad;asmador an-Adeze.

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

yuSmad- asmad- with fifth.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 1062

These rules make tvat mat yuSmat asmat --

Gasi to at after yuSmad- asmad-.

Fifth bhyas to at after yuSmad- asmad-.

yuvAbhyam AvAbhyam come from yuSmad;asmador an-Adeze.

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .

yuSmad- asmad- with sixth.mmmmmmmmm ^ C+ 1063

These rules make tava mama yuvayos Avayos yuSmAkam asmAkam

tava;mamau Gasi

yuSmad;asmadbhyAM Gaso'z

sAma::Akam

Back to yuSmad- asmad- tables .